Where Does the Knowledge for Knowledge-intensive Industries Come From? The Case of Biotech in Prague and ICT in Ostrava

Blažek, Jiří; Žížalová, Pavla; Rumpel, Petr; Skokan, Karel

doi:10.1080/09654313.2011.573136

Cited by 33 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A series of papers published in 2011 began to rectify many of these shortcomings. Gülcan et al (2011), Tödtling et al (2011), and Blažek et al (2011) contributed comparative studies of individual industries active in two regions within a single country, and Chaminade (2011) introduced a single-industry, dual-country comparative example from Asia. However, while there has admittedly been a steady growth in RIS studies concentrating on different places (Cooke, 2004), there is a dearth of knowledge-based RIS studies when it comes to Asia and no studies approaching multiple regions in one country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge bases, regional innovation systems, and Korea's solar PV industry

Gress

2015

Environ Plann C Gov Policy

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In order to more firmly align the study of Korean regional innovation systems (RIS) with contemporary place-based inquiry into innovation processes, this research deploys a knowledge base and RIS perspective to explore firms' motivations to innovate and spatial variability in firms' use of innovation-supporting infrastructure and external technical support. Results, on the basis of a survey of Korean solar photovoltaic firms, parallel expectations of firms with a synthetic knowledge base and indicate that firms are active in multiple 'regional networked innovation systems'. This suggests a move away from Korea's historically dirigiste system toward an approach which is more balanced among regions. Concerning RIS research, wider applications derived from the study include suggestions to further integrate firm-level analyses in order to unearth shortcomings associated with policy, to deploy knowledge base considerations to identify possible policy mismatch, and to include multispatial demand support considerations for innovative activity, particularly for nascent industries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge bases, regional innovation systems, and Korea's solar PV industry

Gress

2015

Environ Plann C Gov Policy

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“…These companies should require tight geographical proximity to their customers, suppliers or rivals [16,17], and cluster in urban cores and dense inner cities, close to the headquarters of large corporations and public institutions. By contrast, services with a predominantly synthetic knowledge base (such as IT) rely primarily on knowledge sourcing and innovation collaboration with partners inside value chains, which are not necessarily local [18,19]. IT companies should, thus, exhibit more dispersed spatial patterns (However, Zook [20] documented clustering of internet companies in the inner city, close to the financial institutions, Spencer [12] also noted this possible location pattern), although they may cluster at the neighborhood level as well [12].Méndez-Ortega and Arauzo-Carod [21] stated that " .…”

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confidence: 99%

Spatial Patterns of Knowledge-Intensive Business Services in Cities of Various Sizes, Morphologies and Economies

2020

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We compare intra-urban localization patterns of advertising and IT companies in three large Czech cities. The main aim of our analysis is an empirically-based contribution to the question to what extent do knowledge bases affect the spatial distribution of various knowledge-intensive business industries. The central research question is: To what extent is the localization of these two industries influenced by different modes of innovation/knowledge bases (symbolic vs. synthetic) and to what extent by contextual factors, such as urban size, morphology, position in the urban hierarchy and economic profile of the given city. We found that the urban contexts shape the localization patterns of advertising and IT companies more than differences in knowledge bases-both industries cluster primarily in the inner cities and urban cores. Formation of more suburban IT "scientific neighborhoods" is limited. significantly to the economic transformation of formerly industrial cities (considering IT, Brno is now the most specialized city in Czechia and Ostrava is the third) [13][14][15].Advertising is a representative of KIBS with a purely symbolic knowledge base. These companies should require tight geographical proximity to their customers, suppliers or rivals [16,17], and cluster in urban cores and dense inner cities, close to the headquarters of large corporations and public institutions. By contrast, services with a predominantly synthetic knowledge base (such as IT) rely primarily on knowledge sourcing and innovation collaboration with partners inside value chains, which are not necessarily local [18,19]. IT companies should, thus, exhibit more dispersed spatial patterns (However, Zook [20] documented clustering of internet companies in the inner city, close to the financial institutions, Spencer [12] also noted this possible location pattern), although they may cluster at the neighborhood level as well [12].Méndez-Ortega and Arauzo-Carod [21] stated that " . . . in addition to industry-specific characteristics that determine some external requirements by these firms (such as accessibility to skilled labour or specialized IT suppliers), there are some city-specific characteristics (e.g., urban policies, spatial distribution of economic activity) that also matter, and which shape the location decisions taken by these firms." We aim to analyze exactly these city-specific characteristics and their effects on the spatial distribution of firms. Our central research question is: To what extent are localization patterns of selected KIBS influenced by their distinct modes of innovation (knowledge bases) and to what extent by the city-specific characteristics?Funding: This research wJan Žas funded by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports through a research grant "SMART technologies to improve the quality of life in cities and regions" (no.

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“…Firm-level intervention seeking the build-up of critical mass in new industrial and technological areas may be necessary as a supplement to the system-level intervention traditionally emphasized by RIS, in particular if the objective is new path creation. This objective lies even farther away from what can be achieved through basic scientific research, technology transfer schemes and university-industry linkages of actors, agencies, institutions and politics in promoting path renewal and new path creation, see the cases of development of sustainable energy production (wind mills) in Denmark in the 1990s (Garud and Karnøe 2003;Simmie 2012), the 'energiewende' in Germany in the mid 2000 (Dewald and Truffer 2011), the promotion of offshore wind in North East England and Scotland (Dawley 2014), and the regional innovation strategy in South Moravia, Czech Republic in the 2000 (Blažek et al 2011). (Karlsen, Isaksen, and Spilling 2011;Herstad, Sandven, and Ebersberger 2015), and calls for more broad based policies to supplement but not substitute what today is regarded as the domain of research and innovation policy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing regional innovation systems: What does evolutionary economic geography bring to the policy table?

Coenen

Asheim

Bugge

et al. 2016

Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space

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The evolutionary turn in economic geography has shed new light on historically contingent regional preconditions for innovation and economic growth, which has the potential of improving the analytical input to regional innovation system approaches. Evolutionary economic geography has renewed interest in and sharpened the conceptual lens on firms, their organizational routines and knowledge bases as well as the long-term, self-sustaining development dynamics, which may arise from their co-location in regions. At the same, it has been pointed out that an overreliance on imported evolutionary frameworks (such as Nelson and Winter's theory of the firm and their lack of an explicit social ontology) may lead to a 'theoretical relegation' of institutions and agency. It seems also that the policy agenda of evolutionary economic geography has remained largely implicit. In comparison, regional innovation system has been developed in closer interaction with policy-makers and has been used widely as a framework for the design, implementation and evaluation of regional innovation policies in a variety of countries and regions. The purpose of this article is to critically investigate what evolutionary economic geography brings to the policy table, and how this potentially can advance a regional innovation systems approach. The article specially focuses on how this may improve the capacity of policies based on a regional innovation system framework to support new path development (i.e. path renewal and path creation) to secure regional resilience.

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Where Does the Knowledge for Knowledge-intensive Industries Come From? The Case of Biotech in Prague and ICT in Ostrava

Cited by 33 publications

References 22 publications

Knowledge bases, regional innovation systems, and Korea's solar PV industry

Knowledge bases, regional innovation systems, and Korea's solar PV industry

Spatial Patterns of Knowledge-Intensive Business Services in Cities of Various Sizes, Morphologies and Economies

Advancing regional innovation systems: What does evolutionary economic geography bring to the policy table?

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