Where Environmental Concerns and Security Strategies Meet: Green Conflict in Asia and the Middle East

Winnefeld, James A.; Morris, Mary E.

doi:10.7249/mr378

Cited by 8 publications

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“…This paper explores the asymmetric centre-periphery relationship in Iran and the contestations around the government’s approach to water security. It argues that the government’s water policy is contentious and has massive socioecological ramifications for Iran’s subaltern communities (Winnefeld and Morris, 1994). An understanding of Iran’s environmental crisis and its impact on the emergence and intensification of intercommunal conflict serves several purposes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iran’s water policy: Environmental injustice and peripheral marginalisation

Hassaniyan

2024

Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment

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Water exhibits various politico-economic dynamic. Water scarcity can lead to conflicts, and it lies at the core of Iran’s environmental crises. The literature on Iran’s water crisis indicates the effects of this issue in terms of multidimensional environmental degradation, community disintegration, and state-society and intercommunal conflict. Approximately 28 million of Iran’s 85 million residents reside in water-stressed areas, a situation identified as ‘water bankruptcy’. The water shortage is experienced differently across the country. The plateau’s central regions, home to Iran’s major industries, are where the worst water deficit is occurring. However, regions with abundant water resources have also been impacted. These regions – known as ‘donor basins’ – due to intensive and disproportional inter-basin water transfer and other engineering interventions deployed by the Government to deal with the water shortage of the central regions, suffer from a different form of water crisis. A condition of asymmetrical and conflictual power relations between the state and subaltern communities in Iran’s peripheral regions has been created. This paper argues that this constitutes environmental racism, characterised by multilayered impoverishment and unsustainable development among communities in the donor regions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iran’s water policy: Environmental injustice and peripheral marginalisation

Hassaniyan

2024

Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment

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“…There is a high possibility that sulfurous acid gas and carbon monoxide pollution, which through regulations were greatly reduced in Seoul, may be a problem again as the pollution is remitted on the surface of yellow dust. Another possibility is that pollution blown across the East Sea from could cause inter-state tensions with Japan (Winnefeld and Morris 1994).…”

Section: Transboundary Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Regime-Building in Northeast Asia: A Catalyst for Sustainable Regional Cooperation

Lee¹

2001

Journal of East Asian Studies

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There are two opposing views regarding the prospects of establishing a regional environmental regime in Northeast Asia. The first view considers the environment as a dependent variable of progress towards regionalism and suggest that regional environmental cooperation is impeded by political rivalries, historical animosities and economic disparities among Northeast Asian countries. The opposing view treats the environment as an independent variable of sustainable regionalism. The premise of this view is that inter-state environmental cooperation can become a confidence building measure that will pave the way for improved regional relations. Regardless of which view proves in the end to be right, the high environmental interdependence of countries in Northeast Asia makes it imperative to create a framework to promote greater cooperation within the region. Given that the region lacks institutions for region-wide dialogue and cooperation, the formation of an effective regional environmental regime will be a long-term process. However, the process itself is pivotal as it can increase dialogue and exchanges from which a regional environmental regime can evolve, and hopefully, if given the political opportunity, will promote security and peace in the region.

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The Environmental Security and International Conflicts: An Analytical and Theoretical Framework

Tayie¹

2023

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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Where Environmental Concerns and Security Strategies Meet: Green Conflict in Asia and the Middle East

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Iran’s water policy: Environmental injustice and peripheral marginalisation

Iran’s water policy: Environmental injustice and peripheral marginalisation

Environmental Regime-Building in Northeast Asia: A Catalyst for Sustainable Regional Cooperation

The Environmental Security and International Conflicts: An Analytical and Theoretical Framework

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