Where is the cloud? Geography, economics, environment, and jurisdiction in cloud computing

Abstract

Cloud computing – the creation of large data centers that can be dynamically provisioned, configured, and reconfigured to deliver services in a scalable manner – places enormous capacity and power in the hands of users. As an emerging new technology, however, cloud computing also raises significant questions about resources, economics, the environment, and the law. Many of these questions relate to geographical considerations related to the data centers that underlie the clouds: physical location, available resources, and jurisdiction. While the metaphor of the cloud evokes images of dispersion, cloud computing actually represents centralization of information and computing resources in data centers, raising the specter of the potential for corporate or government control over information if there is insufficient consideration of these geographical issues, especially jurisdiction. This paper explores the interrelationships between the geography of cloud computing, its users, its providers, and governments.

Evaluation criteria and models of information systems with the property of behavior

“…Для построения интегрированных ИС используются объектно-ориентированные технологии [3][4][5], метамоделирование систем [6,7], облачные технологии [8][9][10], архитектурные решения на основе единой шины данных [11][12][13][14]. При перенастройке интегрированной ИС под изменившиеся условия ее эксплуата-ции возникают проблемы согласования форматов передачи данных, идентификации информационных объектов [5], сохранении информационных ресурсов в интегрированной базе или хранилище данных, интеграции нового приложения в ИС [15,16].…”

Government Cloud Computing and the Policies of Data Sovereignty

“…The US PATRIOT Act is a notoriously cited example of a law which allows US government to request the disclosure of "any data stored in any datacenter, anywhere in the world if that system is operated by a US-based company." (Kushida, Murray, and Zysman 2011, 12) Most authors agree that such sweeping authorities can produce a deterrent effect for potential users of cloud services (Jaeger et al 2009;Kushida, Murray, and Zysman 2011, 12;Rayport and Heyward 2009, 38;Thibodeau 2011;Wyld 2009, 41).…”

Digital Materialisms: Frameworks for Digital Media Studies

“…These revelations fostered research on the spatial distribution of network infrastructures and the local as well as global political contexts they are tied to. Tackling issues of ownership, policy, regulation, privacy and surveillance, this subfield comprises empirical studies on the political economy of cable infrastructure (Starosielski, 2013), the geographic localisation of data storage centres (Jaeger et al, 2009) and the national laws that govern data management (Jaeger et al, 2008).…”