Where is the global in global mental health? A call for inclusive multicultural collaboration

Osborn, Tom L.; Wasil, Akash R.; Weisz, John R.; Kleinman, Arthur; Ndetei, David M.

doi:10.1136/gpsych-2020-100351

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…There have been important critiques of PTSD Criterion A in the DSM‐5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Holmes et al., 2016; Osborn et al., 2020; M. Williams, Metzger, et al., 2018), which defines few events as “traumatic.” Researchers have called for the inclusion of forms of oppression, particularly racial discrimination, in this definition to acknowledge the psychological injury, trauma, and pain that often results from non‐life‐threatening chronic exposure to societal racism (Butts, 2002; Carter, 2007; Holmes et al., 2016; Kirkinis et al., 2018; M. Williams, Metzger, et al., 2018). Although our results cannot provide direct evidence of this, the findings from the current study are in line with existing literature demonstrating that individuals who identify as Black American have an elevated risk of developing PTSD following a traumatic event (Carter, 2007; Sibrava et al., 2019) and that experiences of racial discrimination meaningfully contribute to this increased risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial Discrimination is Associated with Acute Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Predicts Future Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity in Trauma‐Exposed Black Adults in the United States

Bird

Webb

Schramm

et al. 2021

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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In the United States, Black residents exposed to a traumatic event are at an increased risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and experiencing more severe symptoms compared to their non‐Hispanic White counterparts. Although previous work has suggested a link between racial discrimination and PTSD symptoms, no studies have assessed this association in a sample of traumatic injury survivors. The current study investigated whether (a) past racial discrimination was associated with acute posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and (b) discrimination prospectively contributed to the prediction of future PTSD symptoms. African American and/or Black patients (N = 113) were recruited from an emergency department in southeastern Wisconsin. Patients in the acute postinjury phase (i.e., 2 weeks posttrauma) completed self‐report measures, with PTSD symptoms assessed using the Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale at 6‐month follow‐up. Bivariate associations indicated past racial discrimination was significantly related to acute PTSS. A multiple regression analysis revealed that pretrauma exposure to racial discrimination significantly predicted PTSD symptoms at follow‐up, even after controlling for age, gender, previous psychiatric diagnosis, social support, and lifetime trauma history. Our results suggest that experiences of racial discrimination add significant additional risk for PTSD symptom development following traumatic injury, R2 = .16, F(6, 106) = 3.25, p = .006. Broadly, these findings add to the body of empirical evidence and personal testimonies of Black individuals in White‐centric societies asserting that racial discrimination affects mental health and overall well‐being and further highlight the recent call for racism to be classified as a public health crisis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial Discrimination is Associated with Acute Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Predicts Future Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity in Trauma‐Exposed Black Adults in the United States

Bird

Webb

Schramm

et al. 2021

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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“…Not involving those researchers will result in researchers from high-income countries not being able to fully understand the scope of mental health problems that citizens from low/middle-income countries are suffering from. 79 Dealing with the psychological impact of climate change The psychological impact of climate change-related events is evidently undeniable. Post-disaster relief organisations have always had a major role to play in trying to mitigate the mental health consequences of those affected by such events.…”

Section: What Governments and Healthcare Professionals Need To Domentioning

confidence: 99%

Are climate change and mental health correlated?

Ramadan

Ataallah

2021

Gen Psych

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Climate change is one of the biggest challenges of our time and is likely to affect human beings in substantial ways. Recently, researchers started paying more attention to the changes in climate and their subsequent impact on the social, environmental and economic determinants of health, and the role they play in causing or exacerbating mental health problems. The effects of climate change-related events on mental well-being could be classified into direct and indirect effects. The direct effects of climate change mostly occur after acute weather events and include post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, substance abuse disorder, depression and even suicidal ideation. The indirect effects include economic losses, displacement and forced migration, competition over scarce resources and collective violence. The risk factors for developing those mental health issues include young age, female gender, low socioeconomic status, loss or injury of a loved one, being a member of immigrant groups or indigenous people, pre-existing mental illness and inadequate social support. However, in some individuals, especially those undisturbed by any directly observable effects of climate change, abstract awareness and acknowledgement of the ongoing climate crisis can induce negative emotions that can be intense enough to cause mental health illness. Coping strategies should be provided to the affected communities to protect their mental health from collapse in the face of climate disasters. Awareness of the mental health impacts of climate change should be raised, especially in the high-risk groups. Social and global attention to the climate crisis and its detrimental effects on mental health are crucial.This paper was written with the aim of trying to understand the currently, scientifically proven impact of climate change-related disasters on mental health and understanding the different methods of solving the problem at the corporate level, by trying to decrease greenhouse gas emissions to zero, and at the individual level by learning how to cope with the impacts of those disasters.

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“…Many epidemiological studies have shown that common mental health problems are prevalent among adolescents aged 13-to-19 in low-income regions of Sub-Saharan Africa [ 1 – 3 ]. Unfortunately, these youths often cannot access treatment because of barriers such as societal stigma [ 4 ], lack of culturally appropriate treatment options [ 5 ], the length and cost of traditional treatments [ 6 – 8 ], and a paucity of trained mental health care providers [ 9 ]. Because a majority of mental health problems first arise during adolescence and have been shown to impact important future life outcomes [ 6 , 10 , 11 ], there is an urgent need for mental health interventions for youths in SSA where nearly half of the population is aged 19 or younger [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the effects of the Shamiri Intervention and its components on anxiety, depression, wellbeing, and academic functioning in Kenyan adolescents: study protocol for a five-arm randomized controlled trial

Venturo‐Conerly

Osborn

Wasil

et al. 2021

Trials

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Background Treatments for youth mental disorders are a public health priority, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where treatment options remain limited due to high cost, elevated stigma, and lack of trained mental health professionals. Brief, accessible, and non-stigmatizing community-based interventions delivered by lay providers may help address treatment needs in SSA. One such intervention, the Shamiri Intervention, consisting of three elements (growth mindset, gratitude, and value affirmation) has been tested in randomized controlled trials with school-going Kenyan adolescents. This three-element Shamiri Intervention has been shown to significantly reduce depression and anxiety symptoms and improve social support and academic performance relative to a control group. In this trial, we aim to investigate the effects of each element of the Shamiri Intervention. Methods In this five-arm randomized controlled trial, we will test each of the intervention components (growth mindset, gratitude, and value affirmation) against the full Shamiri Intervention and against a study skills control intervention. Students (Nplanned = 1288) at participating secondary schools who are interested in participating in this universal intervention will be randomized in equal numbers into the five groups. The students will meet in groups of 8–15 students led by local high school graduate lay providers. These lay providers will receive a brief training, plus expert supervision once a week throughout the intervention delivery. Multi-level models will be used to compare trajectories over time of the primary outcomes (depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, academic performance, and wellness) and secondary outcomes in each intervention group to the control group. Multi-level models will also be used to compare trajectories over time of the primary outcomes (depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, academic performance, and wellness) and secondary outcomes of participants in the single-element interventions compared to the full Shamiri Intervention. Finally, effect sizes (calculated as mean gain scores) will be used to compare all groups on all measures. Discussion This trial will shed light on the mechanisms and outcomes targeted by each individual intervention, helping prioritize which mental health interventions are most important to disseminate. Trial registration PACTR Trial ID: PACTR202104716135752. Approved on 4/19/2021.

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Where is the global in global mental health? A call for inclusive multicultural collaboration

Cited by 27 publications

References 12 publications

Racial Discrimination is Associated with Acute Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Predicts Future Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity in Trauma‐Exposed Black Adults in the United States

Racial Discrimination is Associated with Acute Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Predicts Future Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity in Trauma‐Exposed Black Adults in the United States

Are climate change and mental health correlated?

Testing the effects of the Shamiri Intervention and its components on anxiety, depression, wellbeing, and academic functioning in Kenyan adolescents: study protocol for a five-arm randomized controlled trial

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