Where is the human waist? Definitions, manual compared to scanner measurements

Veitch, Daisy

doi:10.3233/wor-2012-0065-4018

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…1. Critical body shape assessment requires a substantial increase in the number of landmark lines required, which aligns with concerns of other researchers eluding to the need for an expanded measurement list (beyond the basic bust/ waist/ hip) for accuracy in discerning body morphology [34,42,45,71,60,72,61]. 2.…”

Section: Shaping Principlesmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Key to the relationship between anthropometry and morphology are the foundational landmark points from which the principles of triangulation are used to measure and map the body. Manually locating landmarks is challenging due to difficulties discerning between skeletal points and body flesh [41,42,43,44,45,46,47]. Body scanning has an advantage over manual landmarking in that the body is mapped in its entirety, and any point may be assigned and extracted.…”

Section: Landmarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The breast apex, dependent on its supporting structure, is variable and a non-static point of reference [46]. User interpretation of standards makes reliable tracking of measurements through weight fluctuations difficult, thereby inhibiting relative comparisons [57,58].Conflicting methods of interpreting anthropometry impedes waist-to-hip ratio assessment [59] and leaves room for substantial interpretation and discrepancies making data between brands incompatible [42,45,43,60]. Variations in methods of body segmentation for anthropometric assessment [52,61,62,63,64,65] do not necessarily correlate to logical pattern engineering landmarks.…”

Section: Landmarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Landmarking and Measuring for Critical Body Shape Analysis Targeting Garment Fit

Scott¹,

Sayem²

2018

Proceedings of 3DBODY.TECH 2018 - 9th International Conference and Exhibition on 3D Body Scanning and Processing Technologies,

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Industry 4.0 points to manufacturing that embraces both automation and customization yet apparel industries continue to be inhibited by the necessity for trial-and-error fittings to correct garment fit and while 3D technologies have gone far to automate fitting workflows, an inability to quantify body shape continues to plague automation integration. This paper explains why traditional methods of relating anthropometry to a 2D pattern are the root cause of poor garment fit and presents a solution for mathematically quantifying both body shape and garment fit. With an eye towards mass garment customization, and the theory that any pattern should be customizable for any human shape, theories on the relationship of 1D anthropometry and 2D block pattern were continuously re-trialed and honed over a thirty-year bespoke garment design/patter-making career. The methods presented were developed by combining common practices of triangulated pattern development with fabric draping and origami. A novel method of pattern block making was developed and found to be effective for accurate replication of body shape. Testing of the Clone Block TM proved successful for both men and women of a variety of sizes, making it gender neutral and well suited to automation. Landmarking and measuring requirements are mostly within the boundaries of ISO standards with a few novel requirements. While time intensive for hand measuring, the process is well suited for scanned measurement data and virtual environments. The Clone Block TM offers a critical assessment of body shape for automated garment fit, improved virtual size selection, more realistic virtual fittings, the optimizing of twin avatars to clones, and mass garment customization.

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Section: Shaping Principlesmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Landmarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Landmarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Landmarking and Measuring for Critical Body Shape Analysis Targeting Garment Fit

Scott¹,

Sayem²

2018

Proceedings of 3DBODY.TECH 2018 - 9th International Conference and Exhibition on 3D Body Scanning and Processing Technologies,

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“…The waist point data presented show that there is a greater asymmetry in the heights of the waist between the right and left sides, and in the distance from the midline, compared with the equivalent axillae point data. There are many definitions of what constitutes the waist in the literature depending on the context in which the waist is being identified (Qiu et al 2010;Guerra et al 2012;Veitch, 2012;Matamalas et al 2016). The definition of the waist used here is the 'minimal waist' (Mason & Katzmarzyk, 2016), which is very similar to that of Qiu et al (2010) and is the definition most suited to a scoliotic population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the variability in shoulder, axillae and waist position in a group of adolescents?

2017

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The clinical assessment of scoliosis is based on the recognition of asymmetry. It is not clear what the degree of asymmetry is in a population without scoliosis, which could make the differentiation between abnormal and normal uncertain. This study defines the range of normality in certain parameters of torso shape that are also associated with the clinical assessment of scoliosis. This was done by analysing the surface topography of a group of 195 children serially measured over a 5-year period. The analysis considered both the spinal curvature and the relative position of shoulders, axillae and waist on each side. The bivariate relationships were examined using 95% confidence interval data ellipses. Our results showed that a degree of spinal curvature was seen, either as a main thoracic or main thoracolumbar curve. The distribution of the data about a mean point is illustrated by 95% confidence interval (CI) data ellipses with shoulder, axilla and waist data plotted against spinal curvature. The mean values were close to zero (exact symmetry) for all of the measured parameters, with the ellipses showing little differences in the distributions. We conclude that mild asymmetry of the measured torso parameters is normal. These results define what is normal and beyond what point asymmetry becomes abnormal. This information is of use for those managing and counselling patients with scoliosis both before and after surgery.

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“…There are many ways to measure the human body and new tools are continuing to be developed, but there are four main measurement types for engineering anthropometry: , that 1-D measurements can be automatically and reliably extracted, i.e., without human intervention or viewing, from 3-D scans, the reality is that highly accurate 1-D measurements can be extracted from high quality 3-D scans (8) only with pre-marking the body and manual intervention and screening. Circumference measurements automatically extracted from 3-D scans are not usually the same as, and are therefore not comparable to, the traditional measurement taken on a live person (9). Fast, high quality 3-D scans acquired while the subject is in motion (4-D) can vastly increase the understanding of the influence that age, load, and apparel have on the capacity of people to live and work safely and effectively.…”

Section: Anthropometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sizing up Australia: The Next Step - Summary

Veitch¹,

FitzGerald²,

Blewett³

et al. 2013

Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on 3D Body Scanning Technologies, Long Beach CA, USA, 19-20 November 2013

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This paper describes the development of the methods and scientific parameters for a proposed Australian Body Sizing Survey. It builds on a previous research that established the need for such a survey. The aim of this research was to learn from others' experience and establish methods for planning and conducting a robust national sizing survey that would meet the needs of a broad range of anticipated stakeholders. Two further stages are needed before an Australian Body Sizing Survey can be realised: 1) to identify stakeholders, test the survey design against their needs and finalise the method and scientific parameters and 2) to conduct the Australian Body Sizing Survey by collecting raw data according to the agreed method and scientific parameters. In this research we sought answers to basic questions, such as: What should an anthropometric survey deliver? What components make it useful? Will it work? Will it be fit for purpose? The research established the characteristics of a good measurement with examples of the technologies that can produce the necessary quality, while being open to technologies that are under development and might be suitable in the future. We describe a process for sampling that is based upon error estimates from past studies and includes methods for estimating sample size and recruitment strategy. Accuracy, validity and cost-effectiveness are all important considerations and we propose methods that take into account time per subject, size and skill of the data collection team, and the number and type of measurements and demographic variables needed to meet stakeholder requirements.

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Where is the human waist? Definitions, manual compared to scanner measurements

Abstract: Where exactly is the human waist? How do definitions work for women who deviate from the conventional body shape? Does the measuring instrument matter?

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Landmarking and Measuring for Critical Body Shape Analysis Targeting Garment Fit

Landmarking and Measuring for Critical Body Shape Analysis Targeting Garment Fit

What is the variability in shoulder, axillae and waist position in a group of adolescents?

Sizing up Australia: The Next Step - Summary

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