Where there's smoke: Cigarette use, social acceptability, and spatial approaches to multilevel modeling

O’Connell, Heather A.

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.06.025

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“… 9. We also tested whether unaccounted for spatial processes, such as contagion or diffusion, influenced our results. Following O’Connell (2015), we conducted our analysis using multilevel modeling and tested for spatial autocorrelation of Level 2 residuals. The Moran’s I statistic revealed no significant correlation, which gives us confidence that the analysis does not suffer from bias due to the omission of spatially clustered variables or an association between neighboring PUMAs’ outcomes. …”

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confidence: 99%

Trust in the Bayou City: Do Racial Segregation and Discrimination Matter for Generalized Trust?

Douds

2017

Sociology of Race and Ethnicity

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The key role that generalized trust plays in social capital formation is well documented, but its determinants are not well understood. Many studies suggest that racially and ethnically diverse areas have lower generalized trust than more homogeneous areas, but evidence regarding the impact of the spatial arrangement of racial and ethnic groups is not conclusive. Further, while scholars theorize that discrimination may play a role in racial trust gaps, no study has empirically supported this linkage. We examine the impact of racial residential segregation and perceived discrimination on generalized trust in two highly diverse Texas counties using data from the 2014 Kinder Houston Area Survey. Results indicate that perceived racial discrimination negatively impacts trust and may mediate the black-white trust gap, whereas racial segregation is positively associated with trust. Additionally, having an interracial friendship, one form of bridging ties, moderates the segregation-trust relationship such that, up to a certain level of segregation, having an interracial friendship increases one’s likelihood of trusting others. Together, these results provide insight into processes that generate or sustain the general trust that makes social capital formation possible and point to the continuing importance of race in shaping experiences and outcomes in modern American society.

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confidence: 99%

Trust in the Bayou City: Do Racial Segregation and Discrimination Matter for Generalized Trust?

Douds

2017

Sociology of Race and Ethnicity

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“…Multilevel analyses with binary dependent variables typically employ multilevel logit models, but given issues comparing coefficients across logit models or groups in logit models (see Karlson et al, 2012; Mood, 2010), we employ linear probability models (LPMs) for our multilevel analyses for more straightforward interpretation and comparison of coefficients (Mood, 2010). Our use of contiguous geographic units as our level‐2 unit of analysis gives us reason to be concerned about spatial autocorrelation in our level‐2 residuals (see O'Connell, 2015). Unfortunately, we were unable to formally test for this form of autocorrelation among our residuals due to limitations of the remote server where the LIS data are housed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural racism, family structure, and Black–White inequality: The differential impact of the legacy of slavery on poverty among single mother and married parent households

Baker

O’Connell

2022

J of Marriage and Family

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Objective: To assess whether an indicator of structural racism-the legacy of slavery-impacts racial inequality in poverty among individuals within the same family structure. Background: Family structure is a dominant explanation for racial inequality in poverty. This overemphasis on an "individual-level" variable results in relatively less attention to the role of structural factors. Yet, structural factors, like the legacy of slavery, may be key to understanding how race and family structure intersect in the context of poverty. Method: The authors use data from the Luxembourg Income Study, the American Community Survey, and the Historical 1860 Census. Multilevel models link individualand state-level data and separate models focus on counties. The authors assess whether a proxy of the legacy of slavery (i.e., the historical concentration of enslaved people in 1860) relates to Black-White inequality in poverty among single mother households and among married with children households in the US South. Results: There is an impact of the legacy of slavery on Black-White inequality in poverty even within-family type, but the legacy of slavery appears to be more consequential for married with children households than single mother households.

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“…Given the nested structure of the data, weekly allocations per ZIP code, we used this approach to model the cumulative change over time in the number of vaccine doses per ZIP code. However, because the data were still organized by physically adjacent spatial units of analysis at Level 2, we used Savitz and Raudenbush’s (2009) routine to account for spatial dependency using HLM 8.1, which is an approach used in similar health research (O’Connell 2015). These results can be found in Table 3.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial-Ethnic Residential Clustering and Early COVID-19 Vaccine Allocations in Five Urban Texas Counties

Anderson

Ray-Warren

2022

J Health Soc Behav

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Previous research has indicated that racial-ethnic minority communities lack a wide variety of health-related organizations. We examine how this relates to the early COVID-19 vaccine rollout. In a series of spatial error and linear growth models, we analyze how racial-ethnic residential segregation is associated with the distribution of vaccine sites and vaccine doses across ZIP codes in the five largest urban counties in Texas. We find that Black and Latino clustered ZIP codes are less likely to have vaccine distribution sites and that this disparity is partially explained by the lack of hospitals and physicians’ offices in these areas. Moreover, Black clustering is also negatively related to the number of allocated vaccine doses, and again, this is largely explained by the unequal distribution of health care resources. These results suggest that extant disparities in service provision are key to understanding racial-ethnic inequality in an acute crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Where there's smoke: Cigarette use, social acceptability, and spatial approaches to multilevel modeling

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

Trust in the Bayou City: Do Racial Segregation and Discrimination Matter for Generalized Trust?

Trust in the Bayou City: Do Racial Segregation and Discrimination Matter for Generalized Trust?

Structural racism, family structure, and Black–White inequality: The differential impact of the legacy of slavery on poverty among single mother and married parent households

Racial-Ethnic Residential Clustering and Early COVID-19 Vaccine Allocations in Five Urban Texas Counties

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