Whether or not to ride with an intoxicated driver: Predicting intentions using an extended version of the theory of planned behaviour

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) extended with past behaviour, moral norm, descriptive norm, demographic variables and frequency of alcohol use is able to predict intentions not to ride with an intoxicated driver. Second, to examine whether different processes guide intentions among young passengers (35 years and below) versus passengers aged above 35 years, and women's versus men's intentions.Questionnaires were sent to a sample of 4000 people in Norway aged between 18 and 70 years, and were completed by 1025 respondents, 44.9% were men (M = 43.9 years). The results showed that the TPB variables explained 19% (Adjusted R 2 ) of the variance in intentions, and that the extension variables gave a significant contribution to the explained variance (R 2 change = .04), after controlling for the impact of the TPB components. Age, gender and frequency of alcohol use had no significant impact on intention after controlling for the TPB components. Perceived behavioural control was the strongest predictor of intention (β = .25, p < .001), followed by moral norm (β = .16, p < .001), past behaviour (β = -.12, p < .001), descriptive norm (β = .09, p < .01) and subjective norm (β = .08, p<.05). Several group differences were found. The extended TPB model explained 27% and 17% (Adjusted R 2 ) of men's and women's intentions, respectively, and 40% and 20% (Adjusted R 2 ) of the variance in intentions among young and older passengers, respectively. The practical implications of these results for the development of interventions to motivate passengers not to ride with intoxicated drivers are outlined.Key words: drink-driving, theory of planned behaviour, descriptive and moral norm, past behaviour, age and gender differences, alcohol use.3

Psychosocial factors influencing shared bicycle travel choices among Chinese: An application of theory planned behavior

“…Zhao et al [53] reported that women were more likely than men to make multiple (two or more) bike-sharing trips from one origin to a single destination and then back to the same origin, especially on weekdays. Similar to the findings from other public transportation behaviour domains[54, 55], this paper contributes to the theory of planned behavior by verifing that male users were most likely to choose shared bicycle travel when they perceived behavioral control and attitudes, while female users were most likely to choose shared bicycle travel because of perceived subjective norms and travel habits. The research conclusions of this paper are basically consistent with those of previous studies in different situations [54, 55].…”

“…Similar to the findings from other public transportation behaviour domains[54, 55], this paper contributes to the theory of planned behavior by verifing that male users were most likely to choose shared bicycle travel when they perceived behavioral control and attitudes, while female users were most likely to choose shared bicycle travel because of perceived subjective norms and travel habits. The research conclusions of this paper are basically consistent with those of previous studies in different situations [54, 55]. Age also plays an important role in users’ travel behavior [56].…”

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“…Also, response rates around 20-30% have been reported in several recent transportation surveys (e.g. Backer-Grøndahl et al, 2009;Castanier et al, 2012;Moan, 2013).…”

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“…A total of 1043 respondents (18%) replied to the questionnaire. In populations studies low response rates have now become quite common [28,29]. Low response rates may be caused by the fact that the research topic is salient only for a small part of a randomly selected sample.…”