Which Are the Factors Associated to Child Mistreatment? Use of a Routinely Collected Specific Dataset for Surveillance in a Belgian Pediatric Unit

Abstract

Introduction: Child abuse is a serious health problem with compelling evidence that the phenomenon is common throughout the world. The Center "SOS enfants ULB" is a specialized team, established in a pediatric ward, which had mission to prevent and to treat the situations of children victims of physical, sexual, psychological abuse or of neglect. Our objectives were to describe the characteristics of 439 children hospitalized for (suspicion of) maltreatment and to investigate different factors potentially associated with the children at risk of neglect or maltreatment, the children victims of neglect and the physically maltreated children. Methods: Chi square test and multinomial logistic regression models with clustered robust standard error were applied to assess the relationship between the three types of mistreatment and the potential associated factors. Results: Maltreatment was observed for almost one in two children (48.7%) and approximately four on ten (41.5%) were considered at risk. Physical abuse was the most prevalent (57.9%) among the maltreated children and neglect was the second most prevalent (37.4%) form of maltreatment. Regarding the criteria leading to hospitalisation, at least one protective criterion was observed for a little more than eight children on ten. The parental criteria have shown that social problems and conjugal conflicts were the most prevalent for this category of hospitalisation criteria. Conclusion: These data, concerning the hospitalized children for which there is (suspicion of) mistreatment, collected by this team make important contribution to describing child maltreatment and its associated factors. Despite the fact that these hospitalized cases may be probably more serious than those who were not reported, every event, however small it may be, should be known for better organizing each level of prevention.

Does the presence of siblings affect the results produced by a surveillance system of child mistreatment? Comparisons of several commonly-used statistical methods

“…Upon arrival and throughout the stay, a series of information are collected about the children and their situations [ 5 ]. This information concerns some socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, living environment before the hospitalization).…”

“…The six associated factors investigated were the gender; the age group (≤3 vs. ≥4 years); the country of birth (with children born in Belgium vs. those born in another country); the living environment before the hospitalization (children living in family vs. those who live elsewhere); the type of hospital admission (admissions through the emergency department vs. planned admissions) and, finally, the existence of known previous case files (have one or more known previous case files vs. not having). These files can correspond to mistreatment history known by a Health Youth Service or by Juvenile Judge and/or Court [ 5 ].…”

“…Without good and valid data it is difficult to develop a proper awareness of child abuse and neglect and expertise in addressing the problem within the health care, legal and social service professions [ 2 – 4 ]. In Belgium, there is no national data collection program but, in the French speaking region, there is a center, called the Center “SOS enfants ULB” (in English it will be called “SOS children”), within the pediatric ward of the Academic Hospital Center named “CHU Saint Pierre”, which, among others, gives comprehensive care to hospitalized maltreated children [ 5 ]. Since 2007, this Center has chosen to systemize and to summarize the data, collected during the children’s stays, through a computerized tool, for the monitoring and the study of several factors associated to child mistreatments.…”