Which GNSS Tracking Loop Configuration is Most Robust Against Spoofing?

Abstract

received his M.Sc. in electrical engineering from RWTH Aachen University in 2017. He completed his Master thesis in the field of GNSS spoofing detection and mitigation. In November 2017 he joined the Institute of Communications and Navigation of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Oberpfaffenhofen and began his doctorate studies at RWTH Aachen University. His main research interest lies on the development of robust and precise multi-antenna GNSS receivers focused on the signal processing layer. Manuel M. Appel received his diploma degree (FH) in electrical engineering from Technical University Ingolstadt, Germany in 2008. In 2009 he joined Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits ("home of mp3") in Erlangen. From 2010 until 2012 he was with the Center of Applied Research in Ingolstadt, focusing on forward looking safety systems for the automotive industry. During that time, he was involved in the conception and planning of the center of automotive research and testing (Carissma). Partly in parallel, he received a M.Sc. degree from Technical University Munich in 2013. He joined the Institute for Communication and Navigation of DLR in January 2014. His main research interest lies in development of signal processing algorithms for robust GNSS receivers with the main focus on spoofing detection and mitigation. In addition, he focuses on drone capturing using spoofing. This enables him to finish his doctoral studies at RWTH Aachen. Michael Meurer received the diploma in electrical engineering and the Ph.D. degree from the University of Kaiserslautern, Germany. After graduation, he joined the Research Group for Radio Communications at the Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, as a senior key researcher, where he was involved in various international and national projects in the field of communications and navigation both as project coordinator and as technical contributor. From 2003 till 2013, Dr. Meurer was active as a senior lecturer and Associate Professor (PD) at the same university. Since 2006 Dr. Meurer is with the German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Communications and Navigation, where he is the director of the Department of Navigation and of the center of excellence for satellite navigation. In addition, since 2013 he is a professor of electrical engineering and director of the Chair of Navigation at the RWTH Aachen University. His current research interests include GNSS signals, GNSS receivers, interference and spoofing mitigation and navigation for safety-critical applications.

Increasing International Civil Aviation Resilience: A Proposal for Nomenclature, Categorization and Treatment of New Interference Threats

“…Regarding control loop parametrization to force spoofers to synchronize with the authentic signals, an investigation aimed at evaluating robust configurations (i.e. requiring a higher level of synchronization of the spoofer in terms of frequency offset and time delay) of the receiver loops can be found in [30].…”

“…In the last decade, spoofing has been demonstrated on multiple occasions for academic and research purposes [27] and several references provide an overview of some potential spoofing threats and countermeasures, including mathematical representations [28] (which is focusing on the observable and positioning layer and describing authentication schemes, however synchronization aspects are not explicitly handled) and attack and detection techniques based on current spoofer and receiver capabilities [29]. Investigations aiming at the assessment and design recommendations of a GNSS receiver's signal processing layer are shown in [30] and [31], the latter particularizing the spoofing detection requirements, environments and possible countermeasures to the aviation domain.…”