Which hardness (nano or macrohardness) should be evaluated in cavitation?

Godoy, Cristina; Mancosu, Rafael Drumond; Machado, Renato Reis; Modenesi, Paulo José; Avelar-Batista, J.C.

doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2008.09.007

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…There is a consensus that hardness is an important parameter and can effectively improve the cavitation erosion resistance. 31 Therefore, high hardness of the ZrC nanoceramic coating contributes to resist the repeated impact of cavitation bubbles compared with the uncoated 316 stainless steel. The erosion mechanism for the ZrC nanoceramic coating can be ascribed to the brittle detachment of ZrC particles from the coating surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavitation erosion resistance of ZrC nanoceramic coating

Ding

Jiang

2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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A ZrC nanoceramic coating was prepared on the bare 316 stainless steel for improving the cavitation erosion resistance by the double glow discharge sputter technique. The phase constitution and surface microstructure of the ZrC nanoceramic coating were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscopy. A 10-µm-thick ZrC nanoceramic coating exhibited equiaxed grains with an average grain size of 9 nm. The adhesion strength and mechanical properties for the ZrC nanoceramic coating were evaluated by scratch test and nanoindentation. The hardness value of the ZrC nanoceramic coating was about four times that of the uncoated 316 stainless steel. The cavitation erosion behavior of the ZrC nanoceramic coating in tap water was characterized by the combination of an ultrasonic vibration system with an electrochemical workstation. The volume loss, erosion depth, scanning electron microscope morphology, and electrochemical test were adopted to assess the surface damage of the ZrC nanoceramic coating. The results show that the volume loss of the ZrC nanoceramic coating is 0.53 mm3, which is only 46% of the 316 stainless steel (1.14 mm3) after cavitation test, and erosion damage of the ZrC nanoceramic coating is significantly decreased as compared to the uncoated 316 stainless steel. The electrochemical test results also indicate that the ZrC nanoceramic coating shows higher corrosion resistance than the 316 stainless steel under cavitation erosion condition. Thus, the ZrC nanoceramic coating can be adopted to enhance the cavitation erosion resistance of the 316 stainless steel.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavitation erosion resistance of ZrC nanoceramic coating

Ding

Jiang

2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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“…Cathodoluminescence measurements have been reported for gold sputter-coated nano-indentations in MgO crystals via an SEM fitted with a Cambridge S-180 cathodoluminescent measuring system [85]. Emphasis on indentation measurement aspects of hardness values have included length scale considerations [86], low temperature testing [87], quasi-nondestructive aspects of the test [88] and property measurements, including yield strength [89], accelerated creep behavior [90], viscoelasticity [91] and cavitation [92], in the latter case spanning the gap between relevance of nano-and macro-hardness considerations.…”

Section: Advancements In Hardness Instrumentation/methods/techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastic, Plastic, Cracking Aspects of the Hardness of Materials

Armstrong

Elban

Walley

2013

Int. J. Mod. Phys. B

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The hardness properties of materials are tracked from early history until the present time. Emphasis is placed on the hardness test being a useful probe for determining the local elastic, plastic and cracking properties of single crystal, polycrystalline, polyphase or amorphous materials. Beginning from connection made between individual hardness pressure measurements and the conventional stress–strain properties of polycrystalline materials, the newer consideration is described of directly specifying a hardness-type stress–strain relationship based on a continuous loading curve, particularly, as obtained with a spherical indenter. Such effort has received impetus from order-of-magnitude improvements in load and displacement measuring capabilities that are demonstrated for nanoindentation testing. Details of metrology assessments involved in various types of hardness tests are reviewed. A compilation of measurements is presented for the separate aspects of Hertzian elastic, dislocation-mechanics-based plasticity and indentation-fracture-mechanics-based cracking behaviors of materials, including elastic and plastic deformation rate effects. A number of test applications are reviewed, most notably involving the hardness of thin film materials and coatings.

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“…[26][27][28] In general, the cavitation erosion resistance is proportional to the hardness. 35 Owing to its high hardness, the gas nitrided diffusion layer exhibits good capability to resist the shock wave emission and micro-jet. However, lots of deep craters and pits can be manifested on the whole damaged surface for gas carburized and carbonitrided diffusion layers.…”

Section: Cavitation Erosion Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of chemical heat treatment on cavitation erosion resistance of stainless steel

Ding

Jiang

2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of chemical heat treatments on cavitation erosion resistance of the 304 stainless steel. Three types of diffusion layers are prepared on the 304 stainless steel using gas nitriding, gas carburizing, and carbonitriding treatments. Phase composition and surface microstructure of the diffusion layers are characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. And then, the cavitation erosion behavior of the diffusion layers are tested and compared with the one of the 304 stainless steel. The cavitation test is performed in an ultrasonic vibration system integrated with an electrochemical workstation. The mass loss, scanning electron microscopic morphology, and electrochemical test are adopted to assess the surface damage of the diffusion layers. A measurement for the mechanical properties of the diffusion layers shows that the hardness and the elastic modulus of the gas nitrided diffusion layer, carbonitrided diffusion layer, carburized diffusion layer, and 304 stainless steel are 5.3 GPa and 260 GPa, 4.2 GPa and 236 GPa, 4.0 GPa and 210 GPa, 2.5 GPa and 193 GPa, respectively. A cavitation erosion test of 14 h shows that mass loss of the gas nitrided diffusion layer, carbonitrided diffusion layer, carburized diffusion layer, and 304 stainless steel is 5.19 mg, 8.97 mg, 14.37 mg, and 6.62 mg, respectively. The electrochemical test results also indicate that the gas nitrided diffusion layer has a higher corrosion resistance than the carburized diffusion layer, carbonitrided diffusion layer, and stainless steel under cavitation erosion condition. As a conclusion, the gas nitrided diffusion layer is capable of enhancing the cavitation erosion resistance of the stainless steel, while the carburized diffusion layer and carbonitrided diffusion layer increases the mass loss of the stainless steel under cavitation erosion condition.

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Which hardness (nano or macrohardness) should be evaluated in cavitation?

Cited by 23 publications

References 2 publications

Cavitation erosion resistance of ZrC nanoceramic coating

Cavitation erosion resistance of ZrC nanoceramic coating

Elastic, Plastic, Cracking Aspects of the Hardness of Materials

Effect of chemical heat treatment on cavitation erosion resistance of stainless steel

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