“…Because a proper VSM application requires a large amount of information that is almost always outdated, incorporating of CPS can provide more accurate data for management decisions to prioritize continuous improvement and initiatives based on more realistic scenarios. (Pagliosa, Tortorella, & Ferreira, 2021), (Schumacher, Schmid, Bildstein, & Bauernhansl, 2021), (Ghobakhloo, 2021), (Ghaithan, Khan, Mohammed, & Hadidi, 2021), (Silvestri, Gallo, & Silvestri, 2022), (Reyes, Mula, & Diaz-Madronero, 2021)…”