Which Traits Influence Bird Survival in the City? A Review

Patankar, Swaroop; Jambhekar, Ravi; Suryawanshi, Kulbhushansingh R.; Nagendra, Harini

doi:10.3390/land10020092

Cited by 52 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 189 publications

(307 reference statements)

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“…Urban areas are growing exponentially, leading more wildlife species to reside in urban environments as their alternative habitats. Mounting evidence has shown that urban environments have changed wildlife’s fitness-related traits ranging from physiology (2) to morphology (3, 4), and not least behaviour (5–10). As of yet, investigations are still in infancy regarding how urban environments shape cognition (11, 12), a crucial fitness-related trait that can be considered as the process of acquiring, storing, utilising and reacting to their environment (13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Ripple effects’ of urban environmental characteristics on cognitive performances in Eurasian red squirrels

Chow

Uchida

Koizumi

2022

Preprint

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Urban environmental characteristics such as direct human disturbance have been shown to create a double-edged sword effect on wildlife’s ability to solve novel problems (1). However, these characteristics would continue to affect related cognitive processes (the ‘ripple effect hypothesis’). Here, we demonstrate this in urban Eurasian red squirrels who have previously learned a successful solution for a food-extraction problem (the innovators) by using two established food-extraction problems. One of the problems assesses the generalisation process (applying the learned solution when solving a similar but novel problem) and another problem examining memory for the learned solution of the original problem. The innovators significantly improve their solving latency on their 3rd success, and efficiently solve the generalisation problem from the 5th success onward. They also quickly recall the learned solution for the original problem in the memory test. While urban environmental characteristics do not affect the innovators’ ability to solve either problem, characteristics like direct human disturbance enhance the innovators’ learning speed for the generalisation problem, first recall and recall speed in the memory test. Path analyses show that direct human disturbance and to a lesser extent, area of green coverage are the major variables affecting cognitive performance. Our results highlight that some urban environmental characteristics can induce a far-reaching impact on shaping cognitive performance, as well as provide direct evidence for better understanding the mechanism that supports wildlife in adapting to urban environments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Ripple effects’ of urban environmental characteristics on cognitive performances in Eurasian red squirrels

Chow

Uchida

Koizumi

2022

Preprint

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“…14,15 Predatory pressure and food resources are two main factors that profoundly influence the ecology and evolution of avian reproduction. 16,17 Those selective pressures always vary in different populations, especially, compared with rural populations, urban populations have different predator composition and alternative food sources for predators. 18 Meanwhile, interspecific brood parasitism rate increases with distance from the nearest human habitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nest predation, brood parasitism and the reproductive success of the masked laughingthrush Garrulax perspicillatus in the rural habitat of central China

Guo

Lin

et al. 2022

Avian Biology Research

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Knowledge of nest site selection and reproductive ecology is fundamental to understanding the evolution of life history traits and developing species conservation strategies. However, life history traits of species in the genus Garrulax are poorly known. Particularly, research on the breeding biology of Garrulax perspicillatus in their natural habitat and comparison between populations in different environments (rural vs urban) are lacking. We presented data of nest site selection and breeding ecology of Masked Laughingthrush in central China during 2021, and made a detailed investigation on nest predation and interspecific brood parasitism. The breeding season began from March and ended in August. Most nests were built on Sulphur Bamboo (Phyllostachys sulphurea). First-egg laying occurred between late March and late July. Incubation period lasted 13.9 days (± 0.3 SE; 13 – 15) and nestling period of 13.1 days (± 0.2 SE; 12 – 15). Average clutch size was 3.8 eggs (± 0.1 SE; 3 – 7), and brood size at fledging was 2.7 young (± 0.2 SE; 1 – 4). Overall, 36.2% of nesting attempts successfully fledged at least one young. Nest predation (0% in March, 38.2% in April, 30.0% in May, 20.0% in June and 27.3% in July) and interspecific brood parasitism (13.3% in May, 40.0% in June and 36.4% in July) were two main reasons for nest failure. This is the first study that provided detailed information of breeding ecology of Masked Laughingthrush in rural habitat, and we discussed the difference of life history traits between urban and rural habitats.

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“…The increasing human population is dominated on the ecosystems, intensifying human land use and thus affecting the biodiversity (Foley, 2005;Patankar, 2021). Effects of these activities are manifested at all ecological scales, through local extirpations and global extinctions (Pimm et al, 1995;Chapin et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian Diversity and Effect of Anthropogenic Activities on Temperate Forests of Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India

Sudesh¹,

M.S²,

Kumar³

2021

IJZI

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Present study deals with the avian diversity and effect of anthropogenic activities on temperate forests of district Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India lying between 29° 22ʹ, 29° 75'North and 78° 10ʹ, 78° 80ʹ E above 1500 m altitude. The field study was conducted at four different sites namely--Pauri, Khirsu, Adwani and Lansdowne from April 2015 to March 2017. Line transect method was used to record the avian diversity. During this study, a total of 88, 84, 81 and 78 species of birds were recorded at Pauri, Khirsu, Adwani and Lansdowne, respectively. The bird diversity measured by Shannon wiener diversity index was recorded as H'= 3.35±0.06 at Pauri, H'= 3.30±0.06 at Khirsu, H'= 3.48±0.11 at Adwani and H'= 3.78±0.12 at Lansdowne. The species richness of birds was recorded as 9.94±3.74 at Pauri, 9.46±3.05 at Khirsu, 9.43±3.98 at Adwani and 9.54±1.36 at Lansdowne. We assessed the detrimental effects of various anthropogenic activities like fire wood collection, timber extraction, over exploitation, forest fire, over hunting, road construction etc. on birds and their habitats. Birds are currently facing with increasing threats from these activities in their natural habitat such as degradation, loss of foraging, breeding sites, nesting sites to egg damage, roosting, nestling death or disruption of incubation. Therefore, the avian fauna is disappearing at an alarming rate and threatening the survival of ecology of the temperate forests.

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Which Traits Influence Bird Survival in the City? A Review

Cited by 52 publications

References 189 publications

‘Ripple effects’ of urban environmental characteristics on cognitive performances in Eurasian red squirrels

‘Ripple effects’ of urban environmental characteristics on cognitive performances in Eurasian red squirrels

Nest predation, brood parasitism and the reproductive success of the masked laughingthrush Garrulax perspicillatus in the rural habitat of central China

Avian Diversity and Effect of Anthropogenic Activities on Temperate Forests of Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India

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