1970
DOI: 10.1029/ja075i031p06115
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Whistler duct properties deduced from VLF observations made with the Ogo 3 satellite near the magnetic equator

Abstract: While the great majority of ground whistlers are interpreted as indirect evidence of magnetospheric ducts, the first direct evidence of ducts was obtained from the Stanford University broadband VLF experiments on Ogo 1 and Ogo 3. Five discrete whistler ducts were encountered by Ogo 3 on the inbound pass of June 15, 1966, between L = 4.7 and 4.1. Each duct was characterized by reception at the satellite of ducted whistlers with a distinct spectral shape, and of the high‐frequency portions of whistlers (leakages… Show more

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Cited by 206 publications
(110 citation statements)
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“…Theoretically predicted duct properties [Angerami and Carpenter, 1966;Angerami, 1966] were confirmed experimentally from in situ whistler observations obtained by the OGO-3 satellite [Angerami, 1970]. These in situ whistler observations displayed evidence of a diffusive equilibrium-like field-aligned distribution of ionization in the plasmasphere and validated earlier predictions from ray tracing simulations [Cerisier, 1967].…”
Section: Propagationsupporting
confidence: 65%
“…Theoretically predicted duct properties [Angerami and Carpenter, 1966;Angerami, 1966] were confirmed experimentally from in situ whistler observations obtained by the OGO-3 satellite [Angerami, 1970]. These in situ whistler observations displayed evidence of a diffusive equilibrium-like field-aligned distribution of ionization in the plasmasphere and validated earlier predictions from ray tracing simulations [Cerisier, 1967].…”
Section: Propagationsupporting
confidence: 65%
“…This requires, with (Bw/B) 3 / 2 > (C/WpeL) 2 , that the wave field exceeds the critical value for trapping over a full period. A more precise rendering of this condition, and its relation to observations, is given in equation (1)(2)(3)(4). Although we will stipulate a third condition below that will uniquely determine a and relate the scale length, L, and wave field, B", this third condition is largely a matter of convenience.…”
Section: (3-8)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Helliwell noted that if one requires equation (1-1) to be stationary as the electrons follow their adiabatic orbits along the field lines, then the frequency change in time, 0, seen by the electrons is, w oc -s , (1)(2) where s = 0 is the magnetic equator. Equation(1-2), known as the Helliwell condition, links risers to upstream emission and fallers to downstream emission, with the flow direction in our convention determined by the wave propagation.…”
Section: )mentioning
confidence: 99%
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