White Blood Cell Counts Mediate the Effects of Physical Activity on Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels

Loprinzi, Paul D.; Richart, Sarah M.

doi:10.1080/02701367.2014.930407

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Thus, it may reduce the body's inflammation and the risk of inflammation-induced diseases if the number of leukocytes can be kept at an appropriate level. Studies have reported regular exercise, particularly in more moderate-tovigorous physical activity, can have an anti-inflammatory effect and reduce the odds of elevated white blood cell count (51,60,61). Although previous studies focused on elite athletes who practice water sports (62), cyclists who participate in intense endurance exercise (63) have higher levels of inflammation and low immune function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disparity of Gut Microbiota Composition Among Elite Athletes and Young Adults With Different Physical Activity Independent of Dietary Status: A Matching Study

Zhong

Zheng

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the disparity of gut microbiota among elite athletes and young adults with different physical activity independent of dietary status.MethodsIn Hangzhou, China, an age and sex matching study was conducted between April and May 2021. A total of 66 Chinese young adults were recruited in this study and divided into an elite athlete group, physically active group, and physically inactive group. Fecal samples were collected to assess gut microbiota composition. Dietary status was measured using a food-frequency questionnaire. Comparisons in gut microbiota and blood biomarkers among three groups were analyzed by using the analysis of covariance.ResultsThe findings depicted a tendency to form clusters for beta diversity among three groups, while no significant difference was observed in both alpha and beta diversity. In the multiple analysis model, by adjusting dietary status, a significantly higher abundance of Clostridiaceae (p = 0.029) and Megamonas_rupellensis (p = 0.087) was observed in elite athletes compared to that in general young adults. Furthermore, inflammation-related bacteria such as Bilophila (p = 0.011) and Faecalicoccus (p = 0.050) were enriched in physically inactive young adults compared to two other groups. Pearson's correlation analysis showed a positive association between Bilophila and circulating white body cell count (r = 0.332, p = 0.006) and its subtypes including neutrophils (r = 0.273, p = 0.027), and lymphocytes (r = 0.327, p = 0.007). Megamonas_rupellensis has been shown associated positively with serum lymphocytes levels (r = 0.268, p = 0.03). Although no significant differences were observed, the elite athletes tended to have lower levels of blood biomarkers of immunity within a normal range, which may reflect a better immune function.ConclusionThis matching study indicated that physically inactive young adults are more likely to have a lower immune function and a higher abundance of pro-inflammatory gut bacteria than elite athletes and physically active young adults. Dietary status should be considered as an important factor that may affect the association of physical activity with immune function and gut microbiota.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disparity of Gut Microbiota Composition Among Elite Athletes and Young Adults With Different Physical Activity Independent of Dietary Status: A Matching Study

Zhong

Zheng

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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“…Multivariable linear regression analysis, using the median value of each quintile as a continuous variable, was performed to calculate the p for trend. Potential confounding variables were selected through a comprehensive literature review and the preliminary analysis [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Consequently, four models were built as follows: Model 1 was an unadjusted; Model 2 was adjusted for age; Model 3 was adjusted for age, sex, BMI, education level, and physical activity level; and Model 4 included all variables of Model 3 plus alcohol consumption, smoking status, comparison with normal meals, meat and meat products, sweets, and total energy intake.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Phytochemical Index and Inflammation in Korean Adults

Kim

Park

2022

Antioxidants

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While the relationship between phytochemicals and inflammation has been confirmed by in vivo or in vitro studies, large-scale epidemiological studies comprehensively analyzing phytochemical-rich food groups remain scarce. Therefore, we evaluated the association between the phytochemical index (PI) and the inflammation levels in Korean adults. The data were derived from the 2015–2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and a total of 18,699 participants were analyzed. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels >3.0 mg/L and white blood cell (WBC) counts >10 × 103/μL were defined as “elevated.” The PI was calculated based on eight food groups using a 24-h dietary recall. The odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) for elevated hs-CRP levels and WBC counts, according to the PI quintile, were calculated using the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Participants in the higher PI group had lower means of hs-CRP levels and WBC counts than those in the lower PI group (all p for trend <0.001). In fully adjusted logistic regression models, elevated hs-CRP levels and WBC counts in the highest PI group were lower by 40% (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.49–0.76) and 34% (OR: 0.66, CI: 0.47–0.93), respectively. Conclusions: A high consumption of phytochemical-rich foods is associated with lower inflammation. This suggests that adopting phytochemical-rich dietary patterns may be an effective approach for reducing inflammation.

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“…We observed an inverse association between leisure-time physical activity level and WBC count. Large observational studies consistently reported that individuals performing more frequent or more intense physical activity, regardless of leisure-time or total physical activity, had a lower WBC count (17,20,22,23,28,30,31). A higher objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity level was associated with a lower WBC count in the US adult population, healthy US male population, and US youth population in previous NHANES studies (17,20,30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Large observational studies consistently reported that individuals performing more frequent or more intense physical activity, regardless of leisure-time or total physical activity, had a lower WBC count (17,20,22,23,28,30,31). A higher objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity level was associated with a lower WBC count in the US adult population, healthy US male population, and US youth population in previous NHANES studies (17,20,30). Another NHANES study observed that engaging in physical activity 22 or more times per month was associated with a 41% reduction in risk of a high WBC count (> 9.55×10 9 cells/L), compared to engaging in activity less than four times per month (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between leisure-time physical activity level and peripheral immune cell populations in the US general population, analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, 1999-2018

Lin

Muscat

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Chronic levels of inflammation are associated with higher risk of many chronic diseases. Physical activity (PA) lowers the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes and others. One mechanism for PA-induced protection may be through the immune system. We investigated the association between leisure-time PA and peripheral immune cell populations in a large nationally representative sample of the US general population. Methods: 17,093 participants (mean (SE) age of 41.6 (0.3) years) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018 were included. Self-reported leisure-time PA was converted to metabolic equivalent of task hours per week (MET-hrs/wk). White blood cell (WBC) count, WBC ratios, and platelet count were derived. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to estimate associations between leisure-time PA level and peripheral immune cell populations. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate associations between leisure-time PA and metrics of WBC count and NLR which may predict mortality. Results: A higher leisure-time PA level was associated with a lower WBC count (>14.0 vs. <1.2 MET-hrs/wk adjusted mean (95% confidence interval [CI]): 7.12 (6.86, 7.38) vs. 7.38 (7.12, 7.64) 1000 cells/μL, Ptrend <0.001) and a lower neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR; >14.0 vs. <1.2 MET-hrs/wk adjusted mean (95% CI): 2.04 (1.90, 2.18) vs. 2.13 (1.99, 2.28), Ptrend=0.007). Leisure-time PA level was not associated with lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR; Ptrend=0.25) or platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR; Ptrend=0.69). Compared to the lowest leisure-time PA level (<1.2 MET-hrs/wk), the highest leisure-time PA level (≥14.0 MET-hrs/wk) was associated with a lower probability of a high WBC count (>8.1×109 cells; odds ratio [OR]=0.76, 95% CI=0.66-0.88) and high NLR (>2.68; OR=0.84, 95% CI=0.72-0.99), which may predict (CVD) and all-cause mortality. Compared to the lowest leisure-time PA level, the highest leisure-time PA level was associated with a lower probability of a high WBC count (≥8.3×109 cells/L; OR=0.76, 95% CI=0.66-0.88), which may predict cancer mortality. Conclusions: We observed an inverse association between leisure-time PA level, WBC count, and NLR, particularly for neutrophil levels. These results suggest that participants at higher levels of leisure-time PA may have lower levels of inflammation, which may be important for future chronic disease outcomes.

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White Blood Cell Counts Mediate the Effects of Physical Activity on Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Disparity of Gut Microbiota Composition Among Elite Athletes and Young Adults With Different Physical Activity Independent of Dietary Status: A Matching Study

Disparity of Gut Microbiota Composition Among Elite Athletes and Young Adults With Different Physical Activity Independent of Dietary Status: A Matching Study

Association between Phytochemical Index and Inflammation in Korean Adults

Associations between leisure-time physical activity level and peripheral immune cell populations in the US general population, analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, 1999-2018

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