White Collar Criminals: The State of Knowledge

Alalehto, Tage

doi:10.2174/1874917801508010028

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…However, white-collar crime has been a less researched field despite the fact that the losses from economic crimes may be several times higher than the losses from other types of crime, even if losses from the former often are hard to estimate (e.g., Levi and Burrows 2008). Most research on white-collar crimes has consisted of case-studies or cross-sectional investigations, and empirical data on economic crimes is often lacking (Alalehto 2015;Alvesalo and Virta 2010;Friedrichs 2010;Korsell 2015;Levi and Burrows 2008). The literature asserts that frauds have the potential to ruin other small business owners since their claims on the insolvent party are lost due to unlawful behavior.…”

Section: The Effects Of (White-collar) Crime and Bankruptcy Fraudmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Asymmetric Effect of Bankruptcy Fraud in Sweden: A Long-Term Perspective

2018

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Objectives The knowledge of the effects of white-collar crimes is incomplete. In the article, we operationalize white-collar crimes as bankruptcy frauds. Economic models maintain that interlinkages between firms may give 'domino effects': bankruptcy events could lead to 'bankruptcy chains' in which a bankruptcy spreads to other firms. Analogously, criminologists assert that social and economic networks can be a major source of fraud diffusion, with the potential to drive other firms bankrupt. Recent empirical results show that crimes may have detrimental and even asymmetric (nonlinear) effects on economic activity. We analyze the diffusion and the aggregate development of bankruptcy frauds in Sweden over nearly two hundred years, specifically focusing on the relationship between bankruptcy frauds and the bankruptcy volume. We also consider linkages between bankruptcy frauds, bankruptcies, and the macroeconomic cycle. Methods We use long, aggregate time series, collected from several different historical and contemporary sources. Applying the recently developed cointegrating nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model, we investigate whether the bankruptcy volume reacts asymmetrically to increases and decreases in bankruptcy frauds, both in the short and the long run. Results Bankruptcy frauds reveal a causal effect on bankruptcies, showing an asymmetric (nonlinear) diffusion effect from economic frauds to the bankruptcy volume. Increases in bankruptcy frauds have a positive and significant effect on the bankruptcy volume. However, decreases in bankruptcy frauds show no significant effect. No causal relationship between the macroeconomic cycle and bankruptcy frauds is found.

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Section: The Effects Of (White-collar) Crime and Bankruptcy Fraudmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Asymmetric Effect of Bankruptcy Fraud in Sweden: A Long-Term Perspective

2018

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“…602)?" Further, consider Alalheto (2015) stating "[T]he majority of white collar offenders do not suffer from psychological disorders" (p. 32).…”

Section: Red-collar Offender Behavioral Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red Collar Crime

Perri¹

2015

IJPS

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Traditional viewpoints held by academic and non-academic professional groups of the white-collar crime offender profile(s) are that they are non-violent. Yet research has begun to unveil a sub-group of white-collar offenders who are violent, referred to as red-collar criminals, in that their motive is to prevent the detection and or disclosure of their fraud schemes through violence. This article is the first to discuss the origin of the red-collar crime concept developed by this author coupled with debunking white-collar offender profile misperceptions that have persisted for decades by offering current research on the anti-social qualities displayed by this offender group that predates their violence. Secondly, the article applies behavioral risk factors, such as narcissism and psychopathy, which contributes to our understanding of why some white-collar offenders may resort to violence while other white-collar offenders do not. Case analysis also draws upon gender distinctions, workplace violence and homicide methods used to illustrate that red-collar criminals are not an anomaly to ignore simply because they may not reflect the street-level homicides typically observed by society, investigated by law enforcement and studied by academia.

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“…To date, giving a light punishment for perpetrator from a respectable position, much explained by social status in the social dimension. The violation committed by respectable people is a part of White-Collar Crime or WCC (Alalehto, 2015). Gottschalk and Gunnesdal (2018) name it as occupational crime, a violation, conducted while taking advantage of legitimate position.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gottschalk and Gunnesdal (2018) name it as occupational crime, a violation, conducted while taking advantage of legitimate position. Thus, this violation is perceived as a not breaking the law behaviour and hard-to-prove behaviour (Gottschalk, 2018), also perceived as harmless behaviour compared to Street Crime or SC (Alalehto, 2015). SC is a crime, involving property loss, occurred on the street, carried out with or without threat, and usually with violence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Meaning of Gratification, Moral Credential, and the Value of Selflessness Action in Violations Committed by a Respected Person

et al. 2020

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This study aims to prove how kindness conducted by the group, the definition of violations and the value of doing good, can affect moral credential in the form of the leniency of punishment for corruptors. Sample 319 polices and doctors divided into two segments. This study uses a population-based survey experiment method. Participants divided into moral credential with the narrative noble duty, and non-moral credential with neutral narratives. Researchers require each participant to provide criminal punishment and social reactions to the vignette of violation cases due to receiving gratification without (study 1) and with group support (study 2). Statistical correlation test with Kendall's Tau-b finds that defining the behaviour of gratification influences punishment, the correlation shown in invisible victim is rτ = .455, p = .000, and visible victim, rτ = .191, p = .003, but there is no significant relationship between the values of selflessness action and defining the behaviour of gratification as a violation (rτ = -.006, p = .922). Through the Mann Whitney U test it was found that the moral credential and non-moral credential conditions do not affect the provision of informal social reactions to violators, both the perpetrators of gratification with invisible victims (Mdn = 2), U = 2757, p = .523, and visible victims (Mdn = 2), U = 2778.5, p = .575, and also in a situation of gratification with group support, the perpetrators of gratification with invisible victims (Mdn = 2), U = 3419, p = .937, and visible victims (Mdn = 2), U = 2978,5, p = .119.

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White Collar Criminals: The State of Knowledge

Cited by 12 publications

References 77 publications

The Asymmetric Effect of Bankruptcy Fraud in Sweden: A Long-Term Perspective

The Asymmetric Effect of Bankruptcy Fraud in Sweden: A Long-Term Perspective

Red Collar Crime

The Meaning of Gratification, Moral Credential, and the Value of Selflessness Action in Violations Committed by a Respected Person

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