White LED Lighting Increases the Root Productivity of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer in a Hydroponic Cultivation System of a Plant Factory

Abstract

To identify effective light spectra for increasing the productivity of Panax ginseng, we conducted experiments in a controlled environment using a hydroponic cultivation system in a plant factory. We investigated the effect of single LEDs (red, blue, and yellow) and mixed LEDs (red + blue and red + blue + white). The relationships between four light spectra (red, blue, yellow, and white) and physiological responses (net photosynthetic rate, stomata conductance, transpiration rate, and intercellular CO2 partial pressure), as well as growth responses (shoot and root biomass), were analyzed using multivariate statistical analysis. Among the four physiological response variables, shoot biomass was not increased by any pathway, and root biomass was increased only by the intercellular CO2 partial pressure. Red and yellow light increased shoot biomass, whereas white light promoted an increase in the net photosynthetic rate and enhanced root biomass. In contrast, blue light was less effective than the other light spectra in increasing both shoot and root biomass. Therefore, red and yellow light are the most effective light spectra for increasing shoot biomass and white light is effective for increasing root biomass in a plant factory that uses artificial LED lighting. Furthermore, the intercellular CO2 partial pressure is an important physiological variable for increasing the root biomass of P. ginseng.

Increased Accumulation of Ginsenosides in Panax ginseng Sprouts Cultivated with Kelp Fermentates

“…Modarelli et al [13] proposed that aquaponics is suitable for leafy crops such as basil (Ocimum basilicum) due to the reduced utilization Plants 2024, 13, 463 2 of 13 of chemical fertilizers and increased productivity. Kim et al [14] reported that treating one-year-old ginseng with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) increased the weight of shoots in the cultivation chamber. Several studies have also analyzed the phytochemicals in ginseng cultivated using smart-farm systems.…”

Impact of Sodium Silicate Supplemented, IR-Treated Panax Ginseng on Extraction Optimization for Enhanced Anti-Tyrosinase and Antioxidant Activity: A Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Approach

“…Notable studies in this field include those examining the impact of light conditions on plant development [21,23], the use of hydroponic systems for enhancing ginseng quality with LED lighting [24], and the broader application of RSM in optimizing experimental conditions [25]. However, the integration of these elements in a single study, particularly with a focus on ginseng and its bioactive compounds, represents a distinctive contribution that sets the current work apart from existing research.…”