White noise speech illusions in the general population: The association with psychosis expression and risk factors for psychosis

Schepers, E.; Os, Jim van; Lousberg, Richel

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0211914

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Higher incidence of speech illusion has been found in patients with schizophrenia (Catalan et al, 2014; Galdos et al, 2011) and those with familial-vulnerability (Galdos et al, 2011). Speech illusion is also associated with positive psychotic symptoms in patients (Catalan et al, 2014) and children (Rimvall et al, 2016) but not in a non-clinical adult sample (Schepers, van Os, & Lousberg, 2019), and may (Galdos et al, 2011) or may not (Catalan et al, 2014) be related to positive schizotypy in non-clinical populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute effects of cannabis on speech illusions and psychotic-like symptoms: two studies testing the moderating effects of cannabidiol and adolescence

et al. 2020

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Background Acute cannabis administration can produce transient psychotic-like effects in healthy individuals. However, the mechanisms through which this occurs and which factors predict vulnerability remain unclear. We investigate whether cannabis inhalation leads to psychotic-like symptoms and speech illusion; and whether cannabidiol (CBD) blunts such effects (study 1) and adolescence heightens such effects (study 2). Methods Two double-blind placebo-controlled studies, assessing speech illusion in a white noise task, and psychotic-like symptoms on the Psychotomimetic States Inventory (PSI). Study 1 compared effects of Cann-CBD (cannabis containing Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and negligible levels of CBD) with Cann+CBD (cannabis containing THC and CBD) in 17 adults. Study 2 compared effects of Cann-CBD in 20 adolescents and 20 adults. All participants were healthy individuals who currently used cannabis. Results In study 1, relative to placebo, both Cann-CBD and Cann+CBD increased PSI scores but not speech illusion. No differences between Cann-CBD and Cann+CBD emerged. In study 2, relative to placebo, Cann-CBD increased PSI scores and incidence of speech illusion, with the odds of experiencing speech illusion 3.1 (95% CIs 1.3–7.2) times higher after Cann-CBD. No age group differences were found for speech illusion, but adults showed heightened effects on the PSI. Conclusions Inhalation of cannabis reliably increases psychotic-like symptoms in healthy cannabis users and may increase the incidence of speech illusion. CBD did not influence psychotic-like effects of cannabis. Adolescents may be less vulnerable to acute psychotic-like effects of cannabis than adults.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute effects of cannabis on speech illusions and psychotic-like symptoms: two studies testing the moderating effects of cannabidiol and adolescence

et al. 2020

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“…Given that psychotic experiences and cognitive alterations are thought to reflect, in part, genetic risk for psychotic disorder (9, 40), the same underlying mechanism of gene–environment interaction may account for the dependence of patient–control and sibling–control speech illusion associations at higher levels of these traits. Thus, earlier studies have shown that in samples of the general population, no association exists between white noise speech illusions and the CAPE positive scale (17, 18). The CAPE positive scale mainly reflects alteration in delusional ideation, whereas the white noise task focuses on lower-prevalence alterations in perception.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Hypothetically, when self-reported psychotic experiences [e.g., Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) positive scale] and white noise speech illusions tap into the same dimension of psychotic disorder, a positive association is expected. However, in the general population, no clear association has been observed, indicating that variations of speech illusions in the general population may not signal increased risk to develop a disorder (17, 18). A finding supporting this notion is that while risk factors for subclinical psychosis expression generally correspond with risk factors for psychotic disorder (10, 11), white noise speech illusions were not associated with either childhood adversity or life events in the general population (18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, in the general population, no clear association has been observed, indicating that variations of speech illusions in the general population may not signal increased risk to develop a disorder (17, 18). A finding supporting this notion is that while risk factors for subclinical psychosis expression generally correspond with risk factors for psychotic disorder (10, 11), white noise speech illusions were not associated with either childhood adversity or life events in the general population (18). In conclusion, underlying mechanisms of white noise speech illusions may be different in patients and the general population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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White Noise Speech Illusions: A Trait-Dependent Risk Marker for Psychotic Disorder?

Schepers¹,

Lousberg²,

Gülöksüz³

et al. 2019

Front. Psychiatry

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Introduction: White noise speech illusions index liability for psychotic disorder in case–control comparisons. In the current study, we examined i) the rate of white noise speech illusions in siblings of patients with psychotic disorder and ii) to what degree this rate would be contingent on exposure to known environmental risk factors (childhood adversity and recent life events) and level of known endophenotypic dimensions of psychotic disorder [psychotic experiences assessed with the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) scale and cognitive ability]. Methods: The white noise task was used as an experimental paradigm to elicit and measure speech illusions in 1,014 patients with psychotic disorders, 1,157 siblings, and 1,507 healthy participants. We examined associations between speech illusions and increasing familial risk (control -> sibling -> patient), modeled as both a linear and a categorical effect, and associations between speech illusions and level of childhood adversities and life events as well as with CAPE scores and cognitive ability scores.Results: While a positive association was found between white noise speech illusions across hypothesized increasing levels of familial risk (controls -> siblings -> patients) [odds ratio (OR) linear 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.21, p = 0.019], there was no evidence for a categorical association with sibling status (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.79–1.09, p = 0.360). The association between speech illusions and linear familial risk was greater if scores on the CAPE positive scale were higher (p interaction = 0.003; ORlow CAPE positive scale 0.96, 95% CI 0.85–1.07; ORhigh CAPE positive scale 1.26, 95% CI 1.09–1.46); cognitive ability was lower (p interaction < 0.001; ORhigh cognitive ability 0.94, 95% CI 0.84–1.05; ORlow cognitive ability 1.43, 95% CI 1.23–1.68); and exposure to childhood adversity was higher (p interaction < 0.001; ORlow adversity 0.92, 95% CI 0.82–1.04; ORhigh adversity 1.31, 95% CI 1.13–1.52). A similar, although less marked, pattern was seen for categorical patient–control and sibling–control comparisons. Exposure to recent life events did not modify the association between white noise and familial risk (p interaction = 0.232). Conclusion: The association between white noise speech illusions and familial risk is contingent on additional evidence of endophenotypic expression and of exposure to childhood adversity. Therefore, speech illusions may represent a trait-dependent risk marker.

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From Speech Illusions to Onset of Psychotic Disorder: Applying Network Analysis to an Experimental Measure of Aberrant Experiences

Boyette¹,

Isvoranu²,

Schirmbeck³

et al. 2020

Schizophrenia Bulletin Open

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Aberrant perceptional experiences are a potential early marker of psychosis development. Earlier studies have found experimentally assessed speech illusions to be associated with positive symptoms in patients with psychotic disorders, but findings for attenuated symptoms in individuals without psychotic disorders have been inconsistent. Also, the role of affect is unclear. The aim of this study was to use the network approach to investigate how speech illusions relate to individual symptoms and onset of a psychotic disorder. We estimated a network model based on data from 289 Clinical High-Risk (CHR) subjects, participating in the EU-GEI project. The network structure depicts statistical associations between (affective and all) speech illusions, cross-sectional individual attenuated positive and affective symptoms, and transition to psychotic disorder after conditioning on all other variables in the network. Speech illusions were assessed with the White Noise Task, symptoms with the BPRS and transition during 24-month follow-up with the CAARMS. Affective, not all, speech illusions were found to be directly, albeit weakly, associated with hallucinatory experiences. Hallucinatory experiences, in turn, were associated with delusional ideation. Bizarre behavior was the only symptom in the network steadily predictive of transition. Affective symptoms were highly interrelated, with depression showing the highest overall strength of connections to and predictability by other symptoms. Both speech illusions and transition showed low overall predictability by symptoms. Our findings suggest that experimentally assessed speech illusions are not a mere consequence of psychotic symptoms or disorder, but that their single assessment is likely not useful for assessing transition risk.

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White noise speech illusions in the general population: The association with psychosis expression and risk factors for psychosis

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Acute effects of cannabis on speech illusions and psychotic-like symptoms: two studies testing the moderating effects of cannabidiol and adolescence

Acute effects of cannabis on speech illusions and psychotic-like symptoms: two studies testing the moderating effects of cannabidiol and adolescence

White Noise Speech Illusions: A Trait-Dependent Risk Marker for Psychotic Disorder?

From Speech Illusions to Onset of Psychotic Disorder: Applying Network Analysis to an Experimental Measure of Aberrant Experiences

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