White Racial Identity and Reparations for Slavery

Reichelmann, Ashley V.; Hunt, Matthew O.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-76966-6_5

Cited by 24 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Qualitative work has found that more intense racial identities led to more extreme identities advocating for racial separation (Simi and Futrell 2010), which fits the proposition of strong identification being linked to denial. Similar support was found for the denial and dismantle strategies when focusing on the relationship between white racial identification and support for race-targeted policy (Croll 2007; Hunt and Reichelmann 2019; Reichelmann and Hunt 2021b).…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundsupporting

confidence: 59%

Racialized Emotions When Thinking about Slavery: Associations Between Group Identification and Feelings of Threat, Shame, and Guilt Among White Americans

Reichelmann

2023

Social Currents

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This paper highlights the relationship between group identification and racialized emotions among white Americans when asked to think about slavery on U.S. soil. Previous scholarship focuses on the consequences of such emotions or stimuli that increase them; however, there is limited work focusing on threat as a racialized emotion, or more broadly who is likely to experience heightened emotions when asked to think about historical racial violence that implicates their group. Using Group Position Theory and Identity Theory, I elevate work on racial threat as an emotion, and demonstrate how it is linked to white Americans’ group identification with their racial, national, and class identities. Then I compare this relationship to other commonly studied emotions—guilt and shame—to demonstrate threat’s unique relationship with these identities. Using survey data collected from a Survey Sampling International panel ( n = 869), I find that feelings of threat are maximized among white Americans who strongly identify with their racial and national identities. In contrast, guilt is heightened among whites who strongly identify with their racial identity, but weakly identify with their national identity, while shame has no significant relationship with these identities. Feelings of threat are also more likely in respondents who self-identify as members of the lower or working class (in comparison to the middle class). The results highlight one way that threat is a distinct emotional experience for white Americans when compared to other emotions. I conclude by discussing how understanding emotions as an outcome of white Americans’ self-perceptions of their identities as group members stands to advance the study of intergroup relations and racism in the United States.

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Section: Theoretical Backgroundsupporting

confidence: 59%

Racialized Emotions When Thinking about Slavery: Associations Between Group Identification and Feelings of Threat, Shame, and Guilt Among White Americans

Reichelmann

2023

Social Currents

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“…Jardina (2019) argues that a strong white identity only leads to opposition to racebased policies when those policies are perceived as a threat to the collective interests of white people (e.g., immigration). Given recent research findings that a strong white racial identity (and in particular, positive feelings about being white) leads to greater opposition to racial policies benefitting historically marginalized groups (Hunt and Reichelmann 2019;Reichelmann and Hunt 2021), it appears that these policies are increasingly seen as threatening by strong racial identifiers. Our findings support and add nuance to this point.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White Racial Identity and Its Link to Support for Far-Right Groups: A Test of a Social Psychological Model

Grindal

Haltinner

2023

Social Sciences

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Prior research indicates that far-right political groups tend to be disproportionately composed of and supported by white people. Drawing off the group identity and developmental literature, we add theoretical clarity to this relationship. We argue that a salient white racial identity motivates people to explore social contexts that affirm the value of being white. Many of these contexts (e.g., conservative media) reinforce and instill beliefs in conspiracies, perceptions of racial threat, and a legitimization of group hierarchies, which are defining features of far-right ideologies. As people develop a strong white racial identity, they should thus view far-right groups more favorably. Drawing off survey data from a national US sample of 903 white young adults, we tested a mediation model positing that the effects of a strong white racial identity with support for four far-right groups (the January 6 protesters, QAnon, the Proud Boys, and the Oath Keepers) would be mediated by enhanced levels of conspiratorial ideation, perceived racial threat, and social dominance orientation. We found that the effects of white racial identity with support for all four groups were mostly or completely accounted for by these three mediating factors. We discuss the implications of this research for the racial identity and far-right groups literatures.

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The Structure of Racial Identity: Comparing Non-Hispanic White and Black Americans

Hunt,

Reichelmann

2023

Frontiers in Sociology and Social Research

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White Racial Identity and Reparations for Slavery

Cited by 24 publications

References 64 publications

Racialized Emotions When Thinking about Slavery: Associations Between Group Identification and Feelings of Threat, Shame, and Guilt Among White Americans

Racialized Emotions When Thinking about Slavery: Associations Between Group Identification and Feelings of Threat, Shame, and Guilt Among White Americans

White Racial Identity and Its Link to Support for Far-Right Groups: A Test of a Social Psychological Model

The Structure of Racial Identity: Comparing Non-Hispanic White and Black Americans

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