White-tailed deer browse on an invasive shrub with extended leaf phenology meets assumptions of an apparent competition hypothesis

Martinod, Kylie; Gorchov, David L.

doi:10.1093/aobpla/plx006

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…However, the hundreds of leaves and branches that we studied for leaf phenology over many weeks in both the spring and the fall remained virtually untouched by deer in our study sites regardless of native or invasive status and regardless of year. This contrasts with studies that have found deer browse to have a larger impact than insect herbivory (e.g., Averill et al 2016, Martinrod andGorchov 2017). We simply might not have had enough leaf observation stations to adequately measure the impact of deer browsing, or, more likely, the low browsing we observed reflects the heavy hunting pressure on deer herds in Wildman Woods and surrounding properties.…”

contrasting

confidence: 70%

Comparative Analyses of Herbivory Rates and Leaf Phenology in Invasive and Native Shrubs in an East-Central Indiana Forest1

Bodawatta

Clark

Hedrick

et al. 2019

The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society

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Exotic species that become invasive can have a strong impact on the success of native species because of traits that enhance their competitive abilities. This study investigates three potential trait differences between common invasive and native shrubs that could enhance the competitive success of invasives: resistance to herbivory, length of autumn leaf retention, and timing of spring leaf emergence. We measured herbivory per plant by leaf-chewing insects, autumn leaf color change and retention, and spring leaf-out in five native and five invasive shrub species in Wildman Woods near Richmond, Indiana, during the fall of 2014 and the spring of 2015. Although we found variation among species, native plants as a group had significantly greater percent leaf herbivory per plant compared to invasive plants, while invasive plants kept chlorophyll significantly later in autumn and had longer leaf retention. Invasive plants also leaf out slightly earlier than native species. Our findings in 2014 were very similar to previous unpublished work in the same area on several of the same species in 2002, 2004, and 2007, suggesting that these patterns are consistent between years. Overall, we found evidence that lower herbivory rates, longer leaf retention in fall, and perhaps earlier leaf-out in spring could improve the competitive abilities of invasive shrub species through increased season-long photosynthesis.

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confidence: 70%

Comparative Analyses of Herbivory Rates and Leaf Phenology in Invasive and Native Shrubs in an East-Central Indiana Forest1

Bodawatta

Clark

Hedrick

et al. 2019

The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society

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“…Further, there is evidence that honeysuckle invasion supports higher deer density in some landscapes (Allan et al. , Martinod and Gorchov , Peterson ). Honeysuckle invasion alters nutrient cycling through physical and biotic effects on decomposition (Trammell et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In eastern forests, the invasive understory shrub, Lonicera maackii (Amur honeysuckle) broadly overlaps with white-tailed deer and negatively affects native herbaceous plants, shrubs, and saplings (McNeish and McEwan 2016). Further, there is evidence that honeysuckle invasion supports higher deer density in some landscapes (Allan et al 2010, Martinod and Gorchov 2017, Peterson 2018. Honeysuckle invasion alters nutrient cycling through physical and biotic effects on decomposition (Trammell et al 2012, Arthur et al 2012, Pfeiffer and Gorchov 2015.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive earthworm and soil litter response to the experimental removal of white‐tailed deer and an invasive shrub

Mahon

Crist

2019

Ecology

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Recent studies have shown that complex species interactions can regulate above‐ and belowground processes in terrestrial systems. Ungulate herbivory and invasive species are known to have strong effects on plant communities in some systems, but their impacts on soil biota and belowground processes are lesser known. Growing evidence suggests white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and invasive plants facilitate increased abundance of exotic earthworms in temperate forests of the eastern United States. We conducted an experimental study that manipulated deer access and the presence of an invasive understory shrub in an eastern deciduous forest of southwestern Ohio, USA, from 2013 to 2017. Earthworm density and biomass, and standing litter biomass were measured in five paired deer access and exclosure plots, each with a split‐plot removal of Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii). Earthworm density declined in response to the experimental exclusion of deer, with earthworm density decreasing over time in the deer exclosure plots relative to deer access plots. Deer exclusion produced greater variation in earthworm species composition relative to access plots. Multivariate analyses indicated that larger earthworms in the genus Lumbricus were associated with deer exclosure plots, while smaller endogeic species were ubiquitous in both treatments. Standing litter biomass decreased over time in the deer‐access plots. In contrast, honeysuckle removal had little effect on earthworm density and standing litter biomass. There was an interaction between deer and honeysuckle treatments on earthworm biomass, with honeysuckle removal reducing earthworm biomass when deer were excluded. Our results demonstrate strong effects of herbivores on invasive earthworms and ecosystem processes, but indicate a weaker influence of invasive shrubs. Further, our findings suggest that the effects of deer overabundance in forest ecosystems are potentially reversible with long‐term intervention.

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“…Another paper explored the perspective of invasive plants impacting deer populations. Martinod and Gorchov (2017) provide evidence that the presence and abundance of introduced L. maackii establishes an abundant food source for deer that may elevate deer populations in ways that further reduce native plant populations. This effect is analogous to agricultural or ornamental plant subsidies, except that much of the herbivory occurs in early spring, when the invasive shrub has expanded leaves but native woody plants are still leafless.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Introduction to the Special Issue: Ungulates and invasive species: quantifying impacts and understanding interactions

Blossey

Gorchov

2017

AoB PLANTS

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High densities of white-tailed deer negatively impact ecosystems in parts of North America, many of which are also impacted by invasive plants. Whether plant invasions are a result of high deer population, and how deer and invasives interact in their impacts, are not well understood. This motivated a colloquium at the 2016 Botanical Society of America meeting. Nine of those presentations were expanded for this special issue of AoB PLANTS, “Interactions between white-tailed deer and invasive plants in North American forests.” This Introduction to this issue highlights the context of the problems and summarizes and synthesizes insights from these papers.

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White-tailed deer browse on an invasive shrub with extended leaf phenology meets assumptions of an apparent competition hypothesis

Cited by 22 publications

References 65 publications

Comparative Analyses of Herbivory Rates and Leaf Phenology in Invasive and Native Shrubs in an East-Central Indiana Forest1

Comparative Analyses of Herbivory Rates and Leaf Phenology in Invasive and Native Shrubs in an East-Central Indiana Forest1

Invasive earthworm and soil litter response to the experimental removal of white‐tailed deer and an invasive shrub

Introduction to the Special Issue: Ungulates and invasive species: quantifying impacts and understanding interactions

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