White Women, Race Matters: The Social Construction of Whiteness

Perry, Kathryn E.; Frankenberg, Ruth

doi:10.2307/1395332

Cited by 87 publications

(144 citation statements)

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“…This approach applies a correction to standard errors in order to account for the presence of multiple effects from the same study (Hedges et al, 2010). We implemented this approach using the "robumeta" package in R (Fisher et al, 2017;Fisher & Tipton, 2015). This package allowed us to conduct a weighted, random-effects model metaregression using corrections described by Hedges et al (2010).…”

Section: Analytic Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ignoring race and denying racism: A meta-analysis of the associations between colorblind racial ideology, anti-Blackness, and other variables antithetical to racial justice.

Yi¹,

Neville²,

Todd³

et al. 2023

Journal of Counseling Psychology

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One critical role counseling psychologists can play in dismantling anti-Blackness and eradicating systemic racism is to build on the field's strength in understanding individual-level processes (i.e., systems are created and maintained by individual actors). Drawing on antiracism scholarship, we aimed to better understand how colorblind racial ideology (CBRI), or the denial and minimization of race and racism, may serve as a barrier to engaging in antiracist praxis. Specifically, we conducted a meta-analysis to determine if color evasion (ignoring race) and power evasion (denying structural racism) CBRI were differentially associated with anti-Blackness and processes linked to antiracism. Findings based on 375 effects drawn from 83 studies with more than 25,000 individuals suggest different effects based on CBRI type. As hypothesized, we found that power evasion CBRI was related to increased endorsement of anti-Black prejudice (r = .33) and legitimizing ideologies (r = .24), and negatively associated with a range of other variables associated with antiracism, including social justice behaviors (r = −.31), multicultural practice competencies (r = −.16), diversity openness (r = −.28), and racial/ethnocultural empathy (r = −.35). Consistent with theory, color evasion CBRI was related to increased diversity openness (r = .12). We discuss limitations of our study, as well as outline future directions for research and practice to focus on the role of CBRI in sustaining and perpetuating anti-Blackness and systemic racism. Thus, this meta-analysis has implications for pushing the field of counseling psychology to build the bridge between individual ideologies and creating structural change. Public Significance StatementIn this article, we synthesized results from 83 studies that examined colorblind racial ideology (i.e., denying and minimizing the importance of race and racism). We found that endorsing colorblind racial ideology, particularly power evasion (denying racism) rather than color evasion (ignoring race), was associated with higher anti-Black prejudice, lower racial/ethnocultural empathy, and lower multicultural competencies.

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Section: Analytic Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ignoring race and denying racism: A meta-analysis of the associations between colorblind racial ideology, anti-Blackness, and other variables antithetical to racial justice.

Yi¹,

Neville²,

Todd³

et al. 2023

Journal of Counseling Psychology

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show abstract

“…At the same time, upper year students do not differ from first years in their assessment of racism's role in the present and “reverse racism”—the belief that prejudicial treatment of White people is a problem. As scholars argue that one of the privileges of being racialized White is its invisibility (Frankenberg 1993; Lewis 2004), the racial systems that perpetuate the dominance of White people and the privileges of being racialized as White may not be addressed in the curriculum or in discussions of racial reconciliation. Therefore, White people's achievements may be celebrated in the main curriculum as the norm and thus be invisible, and once race becomes central, Whiteness nonetheless remains invisible in discussions of race.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial and Religious Convergences and Divergences among Christian Students’ Approaches to Color‐Blindness, Color‐Cognizance, and Race in Christian Organizations

Chan

Jeong

2023

Scientific Study of Religion

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Drawing on survey data of Christian students (N = 4261) enrolled at 11 colleges that are part of the Council for Christian Colleges and Universities, we examine color-blindness, different types of color-cognizance, and views on race in Christian organizations. We find significant differences between students of color and White students in color-blindness and color-cognizance but find racial convergence in the importance of racial reconciliation. Net of controls, greater evangelical orthodoxy is associated with color-cognizant views that perceive prejudicial treatment against White people, undercut the experiences of people of color, and is associated with more positive views of Christian organizations' roles in race relationships. Concurrently, upper year students differ significantly from first years in their racial attitudes and views on race in Christian organizations, suggesting that Christian education may shape racial views positively. Our findings have implications for theorizing how evangelical Christianity and evangelical colleges maintain and challenge color-blindness and White supremacy.

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“…We come into conversation recognizing that our experiences arising from the margins are sites of oppression and resistance and sites of knowledge for social transformation (Anzaldúa, 2007;hooks, 1984;Lugones, 2003). While White cultural dominance, through its unmarked normative position, is rendered invisible to those who inhabit it, it is visible to those who occupy the margins (Ahmed, 2006;Fisher & Sonn, 2007;Frankenberg, 1993;Lugones, 2003). Lugones (2003) explains that those with multiple and intersecting identities arising from experiences of and resistance to oppression give way to plural ontologies.…”

Section: Australian Social Relations Colonial Legacies and The Decolo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Women of color in academia: Theorizing in the flesh toward decolonial feminist futures.

Ali¹,

Chan²,

Bolatagici³

et al. 2023

Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology

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White Women, Race Matters: The Social Construction of Whiteness

Cited by 87 publications

References 0 publications

Ignoring race and denying racism: A meta-analysis of the associations between colorblind racial ideology, anti-Blackness, and other variables antithetical to racial justice.

Ignoring race and denying racism: A meta-analysis of the associations between colorblind racial ideology, anti-Blackness, and other variables antithetical to racial justice.

Racial and Religious Convergences and Divergences among Christian Students’ Approaches to Color‐Blindness, Color‐Cognizance, and Race in Christian Organizations

Women of color in academia: Theorizing in the flesh toward decolonial feminist futures.

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