Whiteheadian Experience in Beer’s Cybernetic Model: Policy-making in Cooperative Societies.

Prefiguring the Design of Freedom: An Informational Theory Approach to Socio-Political Cybernetics; Analysing the Messages in 2021 Colombian Uprisings

“…According to Beer, issues like the loss of privacy, bad credit, blackmail, and problems with urban planning are some of the challenges that governments usually try to stop, whether they come from private parties or the government itself (Beer 1993, 26). Furthermore, technocrats are particularly likely to manipulate developing nations (27). In general terms, the risk of the misuse of technology by a despotic government or unscrupulous management is always persistent (12).…”

“…In general terms, the risk of the misuse of technology by a despotic government or unscrupulous management is always persistent (12). The cybernetic explanation for the emergence of this sort of problem is the inability of the government to handle variety, and education and communications limit variety instead of promoting it (27).…”

“…The solution coming from socio-political cybernetics is that people themselves should take control of their nation through the joint use of management, science, and politics to enhance freedom (Beer 1993, 10). The application of science to societies' democratic processes means furnishing them and their governments with new channels of communication (27). "If the democratic process does not seize upon and use those disregarded tools of modern man, it will not itself be viable much longer."…”

“…Also consider education as an illustrative example; if education is effective, it serves as a catalyst for variety (Beer 1993, 8), developing studentsś kills and abilities; the process of education restricts variety by imposing a standardised pace and uniform evaluation, diminishing the potential of the pupil (25) by reducing alternatives (27). Beer's conclusion is that we no longer have control over education (25) and understanding education from its etymological roots, which refer to the process of extracting knowledge rather than imposing it (Beer 1975, 25, Beer 1993.…”

Impulsando el desarrollo por medio de la educación y la innovación en América Latina: Un análisis comparativo de las ideas sobre organización autónoma y voluntaria en Oppenheimer y Malatesta

“…We have chosen to perform a comparison with Malatesta's theories on anarchism because of the congruence with the autonomy expressed by Oppenheimer in his thesis; because of the influence of both authors' ways of thinking in Latin-America in their respective times; and because of the opportunity to contribute to the generation of theory regarding policymaking in voluntary organisations (Osejo-Bucheli, 2023c), this time from Malatesta's political thought. We have chosen to use the comparative method because it helps to explain ideological similarities and differences across time and space between the authors analysed (Simon, 2020).…”