Who counts as Asian

Lee, Jennifer; Ramakrishnan, S. Karthick

doi:10.1080/01419870.2019.1671600

Cited by 90 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…J. Lee and Ramakrishnan (2020) found that although all Asians considered their ethnic groups to be Asians, East and Southeast Asians excluded South Asians from the label. It is unclear how Asian British would perceive the prototypicality of various Asian ethnicity relative to their own group, but Asian British would likely recognize the South Asian default given that prototypes are widely shared and acknowledged by people within the same cultural context (Turner et al, 1987).…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As for Asian prototypes, East Asians are seen as more "Asian" than South Asians, Southeast Asians, and Arabs in the US; Southeast Asians are also considered to be more prototypically Asian than South Asians and Arabs (J. Lee & Ramakrishnan, 2020;Ocampo, 2016). While all Asian Americans perceived their own groups to be Asians, South Asians were consistently excluded from this racial label by perceivers who identified as White, Black, Latinx, East Asian, and Southeast Asian; all groups agreed that East Asians best represent the Asian label (J.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While all Asian Americans perceived their own groups to be Asians, South Asians were consistently excluded from this racial label by perceivers who identified as White, Black, Latinx, East Asian, and Southeast Asian; all groups agreed that East Asians best represent the Asian label (J. Lee & Ramakrishnan, 2020). Because of this dominant East Asian prototype in the US, other Asian ethnic subgroups may feel unseen or dismissed (Flores & Huo, 2012;Ocampo, ASIAN PROTOTYPICALITY 5 2016), are treated differently than East Asians (Kuo et al, 2019;Lu et al, 2020), and are more difficult to categorize (Chaney et al, 2020).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Southeast Asians were perceived as more prototypically Asian for Americans than British, F(1, 209) = 47.30, p < .001, 2 = .19. Finally, Middle Easterners were perceived as similarly non-prototypical for both nationals, F(1, 209) = .08, p = .784, 2 = .00.3 The 12 items were selected based on the list used byLee and Ramakrishnan (2020), but they only included Filipino for Southeast Asians and Arab for Middle Easterners. We added items that would be recognized by both Americans and British.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perceived Prototypicality of Asian Subgroups in the United States and the United Kingdom

Jx¹,

McCue²

2021

Preprint

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Asians, despite their diverse ethnic compositions (i.e., South Asians, East Asians, Southeast Asians, and Middle Easterners), are monolithically categorized under one broad racial label. But this Asian label may be differentially used. Some ethnic subgroups are perceived to be more prototypically Asian than others and cultural contexts may further shape such perception. With historically longstanding presence of East Asians in the United States and South Asians in the United Kingdom, we theorized that the perceived prototypicality of different Asian subgroups in the two countries would reflect these respective historical salience. Three studies (N = 849) examined the cultural differences between Americans and British in their perceptions of Asian subgroups in terms of how prototypically Asian and how foreign they seem. Studies 1 and 2 found that compared to British perceivers, Americans perceived East Asians as more prototypically Asian; British considered South Asians as more prototypical than American participants. Study 3 showed that Americans perceived East and Southeast Asians to be less foreign and more prototypically American than South Asians and Middle Easterners, but British perceived South Asians to be less foreign and more prototypically British than all other Asian ethnicities. This research demonstrates the importance of disaggregating Asian subgroups and historical contextualization of prototype theories.

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Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perceived Prototypicality of Asian Subgroups in the United States and the United Kingdom

Jx¹,

McCue²

2021

Preprint

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“…Although the South Asian population is often included under the “model minority” moniker, there is evidence that South Asian ethnicities like Indian and Pakistani are not perceived as racially Asian whereas East Asians ethnicities like Chinese, Japanese, and Korean are (Lee and Ramakrishnan 2019). Furthermore, “Asian” stereotypes may apply to East Asians but not South Asians (Lee and Fiske 2006).…”

Section: The Theoretical Asian Personality Penalty At the Point Of Hirementioning

confidence: 99%

Penalized for Personality: A Case Study of Asian-Origin Disadvantage at the Point of Hire

Chavez

2020

Sociology of Race and Ethnicity

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Do employers penalize Asian-origin workers for personality-related reasons during real hiring decisions? Current theoretical approaches—the Model Minority Myth perspective and the Heterogeneity approach—provide conflicting predictions as to the nature of an Asian-origin personality penalty, if one exists. Furthermore, evidence of an Asian-origin personality penalty is typically derived from laboratory experiments based on evaluation of fictitious material rather than from real hiring decisions based on face-to-face interviews and hiring deliberations. To fill the empirical gap and resolve theoretical tension, I provide evidence of an Asian-origin personality penalty from a case study of hiring at a Silicon Valley high-technology firm. Drawing from quantitative and qualitative data, I demonstrate how the firm’s decision makers penalize Asian-origin job candidates during hiring decisions for their judged personality traits in a way that does not fully coincide with either theoretical approach, and I propose a theoretical model to describe the personality “content” of the Asian-origin personality penalty as it occurs in real hiring decisions.

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Honoring Asian diversity by collecting Asian subpopulation data in health research

Niles

Jun

Lor

et al. 2022

Research in Nursing & Health

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The COVID-19 pandemic has taken a substantial human, social, and economic toll causing nearly 1 million deaths in the United States (US). The disproportionate impact of the pandemic on morbidity and mortality in minoritized communities could be described as unconscionable-though all have been affected in different ways. In addition to experiencing death and disability from COVID-19, Asians living in the US have been forced to contend with an onslaught of racism, xenophobia, misogyny, and hate crimes fed by the anti-Asian rhetoric by elected officials scapegoating Asian people for the spread of COVID-19. The spike in hate crimes against Asians is predominately experienced by people of East Asian descent. In particular, Chinese, Filipino, Vietnamese, and Korean people reported a definitive spike in anti-Asian hate incidents (Jeung et al., 2021). This is in contrast to the aftermath of the 9/11 terrorist attacks, which spurred hate crimes against South Asians and people from the Middle East (a part of Western Asia), particularly those who are Muslims. The differential impacts of historical and political events on Asian people in the US illustrate how persistent and imprecise use of the broad categorization of Asian people limit nuanced historical understanding of the specific ways communities are impacted by xenophobic rhetoric and structural racism. Today, nearly 60% of all people of Asian descent living in the US were born outside the country and the overall population in the country has increased from 3.5 million in 1980 to approximately 23 million in 2022 (United States Census Bureau, 2021). With the population of Asian Americans projected to double by 2060 (Budiman & Ruiz, 2021), it is imperative that the unique

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Who counts as Asian

Cited by 90 publications

References 19 publications

Perceived Prototypicality of Asian Subgroups in the United States and the United Kingdom

Perceived Prototypicality of Asian Subgroups in the United States and the United Kingdom

Penalized for Personality: A Case Study of Asian-Origin Disadvantage at the Point of Hire

Honoring Asian diversity by collecting Asian subpopulation data in health research

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