WHO/EORTC classification of cutaneous lymphomas 2005: histological and molecular aspects

Burg, Günter; Kempf, Werner; Cozzio, Antonio; Feit, Josef; Willemze, Rein; Jaffe, Elaine S.; Dummer, Reinhard; Berti, Emilio; Cerroni, Lorenzo; Chimenti, Sergio; Díaz‐Pérez, J.L.; Grange, Florent; Harris, Nancy L.; Kazakov, Dmitry V.; Kerl, Helmut; Kurrer, Michael; Knobler, Robert; Meijer, Chris J.L.M.; Pimpinelli, Nicola; Ralfkiær, Elisabeth; Russell‐Jones, Robin; Sander, Christian; Santucci, Marco; Sterry, Wolfram; Swerdlow, Steven H.; Vermeer, Maarten H.; Wechsler, Janine; Whittaker, Sean

doi:10.1111/j.0303-6987.2005.00495.x

Cited by 306 publications

(283 citation statements)

References 204 publications

(202 reference statements)

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“…[1][2][3] Adults and the elderly are most commonly affected, with a median age at presentation in the mid-50s and a male-to-female ratio of approximately 2:1. The disease slowly progresses for years, evolving from erythematous patches on sun-protected skin to plaques to tumors.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early MF (patch phase) is clinically characterized by large, welldemarcated lesions (typically, .1 lesion .5 cm in diameter) that vary in size and shape over time (progression and regression) but that tend to enlarge and become more numerous with continued disease (Figure 2, A). [2][3][4][5] The clinical course generally remains indolent, with 5-year, disease-specific survival approaching 90%. 1 However, prognosis and therapeutic options depend on the type of lesion (patch, plaque, or tumor), the extent of cutaneous involvement, and the presence of extracutaneous disease and largecell transformation.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, although Pautrier microabscesses are considered more specific for MF, they are only seen in 4% to 37% of early lesions. 3,5,7,11,12,17 Although the pattern may vary, epidermotropism is considered a hallmark of MF and has been reported in up to 96% of patients with early MF. 12 In some cases, the atypical lymphocytes in MF may be associated with spongiosis, but the degree of spongiosis is usually far less than would be expected for the number of lymphocytes in the epidermis, a feature that is sometimes called disproportionate epidermotropism.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selected Inflammatory Imitators of Mycosis Fungoides: Histologic Features and Utility of Ancillary Studies

Arps

Chen

Fullen

et al. 2014

Archives of Pathology &Amp; Laboratory Medicine

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Mycosis fungoides is the most common primary cutaneous lymphoma; however, it remains a significant diagnostic challenge, in part because of the overlap with several inflammatory dermatoses. Despite advances in immunohistochemistry and molecular diagnostics, false-positive, false-negative, and indeterminate diagnoses are not uncommon. In most cases, the overall balance of morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic features must be considered carefully because there are few sensitive and specific clues to the diagnosis. Moreover, an appropriate clinical presentation is essential to the diagnosis and helps to favor or exclude inflammatory/reactive processes. Herein, we discuss 3 important inflammatory dermatoses that may closely simulate mycosis fungoides, and we review the use of ancillary studies in these challenging cases.

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Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selected Inflammatory Imitators of Mycosis Fungoides: Histologic Features and Utility of Ancillary Studies

Arps

Chen

Fullen

et al. 2014

Archives of Pathology &Amp; Laboratory Medicine

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“…[3][4][5] It is listed as a provisional entity in the World Health Organization (WHO)-European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) classification and represents a distinct lymphoma entity in the WHO classification (fourth edition, 2008). 4,6 Histologically, CGD-TCL presents with epidermotropic, dermal and/or subcutaneous infiltrates, or combinations of these patterns even in the same individual.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Cases of Primary Cutaneous Lymphoma With a γ/δ+ Phenotype and an Indolent Course

Kempf¹,

Kazakov

Scheidegger

et al. 2014

The American Journal of Dermatopathology

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Cutaneous [gamma]/[delta]+ T-cell lymphoma (CGD-TCL) is a rare but aggressive lymphoma associated with a poor prognosis in most patients. The clinicopathological spectrum is variable including predominantly epidermotropic infiltrates manifesting with patches and plaques or tumors with dermal and/or subcutaneous infiltrates. The diagnosis of CGD-TCL requires the demonstration of a [gamma]/[delta]+ phenotype by immunohistochemistry. We report 2 patients with epidermotropic cutaneous T-cell lymphomas displaying a [gamma]/[delta]+ phenotype, but exhibiting an indolent course. In one patient, the clinical presentation was similar to mycosis fungoides in patch and plaque stage, but recurrent blister formation within the lesions was observed accompanied by fever and arthralgias, whereas the second patient presented with 2 localized erosive plaques on the left temple and dense epidermotropic and dermal diffuse and folliculotropic infiltrates of atypical small-to-medium-sized lymphocytes. exhibiting an indolent course. In one patient, the clinical presentation was similar to mycosis fungoides in patch and plaque stage, but recurrent blister formation within the lesions was observed accompanied by fever and arthralgias, whereas the second patient presented with 2 localized erosive plaques on the left temple and dense epidermotropic and dermal diffuse and folliculotropic infiltrates of atypical small-tomedium-sized lymphocytes. These cases corroborate the view that expression of a g/d+ phenotype in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas per se does not portend a worse prognosis and that CGD-TCL may represent a clinically and prognostically heterogeneous group.

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“…A primeira diz que há uma pequena população de linfócitos T circulantes que apresentam a expressão de CD20 como fenótipo normal, cuja função ainda não foi elucidada (QUINTANILLA-MARTINEZ et al, 1994;RAHEMTULLAH et al, 2008;BALMER et al, 2009;MARTIN et al, 2011). A outra teoria fala que o CD20 pode ser considerado um marcador de ativação dos linfócitos, isso porque a administração in vitro de interleucina-2 em células de linfonodos de macaco induziu a expressão de CD20 pelos linfócitos T (TAKAMI et al, 1998;RAHEMTULLAH et al, 2008;BALMER et al, 2009;MARTIN et al, 2011 (BURG et al, 2005;WILLEMZE et al, 2005;KO, 2006).…”

Section: Dedicatóriaunclassified

<b>Estudo da expressão imunoistoquímica de marcadores de resistência a múltiplas drogas em cães com linfoma cutâneo</b>

Alves¹

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Among mechanisms of resistance are efflux of drugs from intracellular to extracellular through ABC family transporters such as P-glycoprotein, MRP (multple resistance protein) and BCRP (breast cancer resistance protein) and LRP (lung resistance protein), a vault protein responsible for nucleocytoplasmic transport. The aim of this study was to characterize immunophenotypically cutaneous lymphomas, measure cell proliferation using the Ki67 marker, the expression of resistance proteins Pglycoprotein, MRP, BCRP and LRP and to evaluate the relationship of these proteins with the survival of the animals. A retrospective study was performed with 21 cases of dogs with cutaneous lymphoma with histopathological diagnosis.Immunohistochemical was used to immunophenotyping of lymphomas by CD3 and CD20 markers, Ki67 cell proliferation, and P-glycoprotein, MRP, BCRP and LRP expression. Of the 21 animals, 38% had histopathological diagnosis of epitheliotropic lymphoma, 52% were non-epitheliotropic lymphomas, 5% of lymphoma cases had no definition and 5% were classified as round cell neoplasia. The predominant immunophenotype was CD3+CD20-(76%), 15% of the cases were CD3-CD20 + and 9% were CD3 + CD20 +. The median of cells labeled for Ki67 was 31%. Regarding the markers of resistance to multiple drugs, the median of the P-glycoprotein label was 40%, which 65% of LRP while for MRP and BCRP, 19% and 23%, respectively. Non-epitheliotropic cutaneous lymphomas were more frequent than epitheliotropic lymphomas and the predominant immunophenotype was T. The occurrence of CD3-CD20+ and CD3+CD20+ lymphocytes indicates the need for further studies and a wider panel of antibodies for subtyping these lymphomas. P-glycoprotein had higher expression in non-epitheliotropic lymphomas than in epitheliotropic lymphomas and there was no correlation between resistance proteins and survival time of the animals, suggesting that in addition to the biology of neoplasia other mechanisms of resistance to multiple drugs different from those studied may play a relevant role in the low response of cutaneous lymphoma to chemotherapy.

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WHO/EORTC classification of cutaneous lymphomas 2005: histological and molecular aspects

Cited by 306 publications

References 204 publications

Selected Inflammatory Imitators of Mycosis Fungoides: Histologic Features and Utility of Ancillary Studies

Selected Inflammatory Imitators of Mycosis Fungoides: Histologic Features and Utility of Ancillary Studies

Two Cases of Primary Cutaneous Lymphoma With a γ/δ+ Phenotype and an Indolent Course

<b>Estudo da expressão imunoistoquímica de marcadores de resistência a múltiplas drogas em cães com linfoma cutâneo</b>

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