WHO-ILAR COPCORD study (stage 1, urban study) in Sanandaj, Iran

Abstract

This study aims to conduct an urban Community Oriented Program for Control Of Rheumatic Diseases (COPCORD) study in Sanandaj (Kurdistan, Iran). Sanandaj with a population of 311,446 (2006 census), Caucasian of Kurdish subgroup, was selected as the field. Sanandaj was divided into 100 clusters and subjects were randomly selected from them (50 subjects from each cluster). The COPCORD study started on July 2011 and ended on June 2012. Of the households, 1,631 was visited and 5,830 persons were interviewed. The male to female ratio was 0.8-1 (44.5% males, 55.5% females). Musculoskeletal complaints during the past 7 days were detected in 42.8% of the interviewed subjects (36.3% males, 48.1% females). The distribution was 16.7% shoulder, 10% wrist, 9.7% hands and fingers, 7.7% hip, 26.3% knee, 9.9% ankle, 6.4% toes, 9.5% cervical spine, and 21.5% dorsal and lumbar spine. Degenerative joint diseases were detected in 19.4% of the subjects: 1.8% neck, 18.9% knee, 3.9% hands, and 0.51% hip. Low back pain was detected in 16.5%, sciatica in 1.2%, cervical nerve root pain in 0.24%, and soft tissue rheumatism in 5.5%. Inflammatory disorders were 0.51% rheumatoid arthritis, 0.22% seronegative spondyloarthropathy, 0.10% ankylosing spondylitis, 0.05% systemic lupus erythematosus, and 0.10% Behcet's disease . Fibromyalgia was detected in 0.62% and gout in 0.12% of the studied population. Disability was reported by 28.3%. It was present at the study time in 21.4%. Comparing the four COPCORD studies of Iran, the figures (numbers) obtained by COPCORD Sanandaj are much the same as the COPCORD study in Tehran. Joint complaints were seen less frequently than in the COPCORD urban study of Zahedan and rural study of Tuyserkan. Osteoarthritis was higher than in Tehran, but the same as the two others. Soft tissue rheumatism was rather the same. Rheumatoid arthritis was higher than Tehran and Tuyserkan, but lower than Zahedan.

Musculoskeletal manifestations in diabetic versus prediabetic patients

“…In other words, both musculoskeletal manifestations were almost two times more prevalent in diabetic patients. On the other hand, the prevalence of the most common musculoskeletal manifestations in the general population of Iran found by the Community Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Diseases (COPCORD) study were knee osteoarthritis, rotator cuff tendinitis and CTS (Table ) . The selected COPCORD studies represented almost all ethnic groups of urban populations in Iran.…”

“… †Reference ; ‡Reference ; §Reference . COPCORD, Community Oriented Program in the Rheumatic Diseases. …”

“…On the other hand, the prevalence of the most common musculoskeletal manifestations in the general population of Iran found by the Community Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Diseases (COPCORD) study were knee osteoarthritis, rotator cuff tendinitis and CTS (Table 6). [31][32][33] The selected COPCORD studies represented almost all ethnic groups of urban populations in Iran. The comparison of our findings with those of COPCORD studies showed that these three musculoskeletal manifestations were much more preva- lent in diabetic and prediabetic patients than in the general population.…”

Merging Worlds of Nanomaterials and Biological Environment: Factors Governing Protein Corona Formation on Nanoparticles and Its Biological Consequences

“…Studies on poloxamine 908 coating polystyrene nanospheres revealed a reduction of fibronectin adsorption compared to uncoated nanospheres [63]. Coating of both singlewalled carbon nanotubes and amorphous silica particles with Pluronic F127 resulted in the enhancement of dispersion of the NPs but notably decreasing adsorption of serum proteins [64].…”

Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for knee osteoarthritis: 5 years follow‐up of three patients

“…It has a high prevalence in Asian countries (from 4.1% to 11.3%), 1 especially in Iran (from 16% to 21%). [2][3][4][5][6] Unfortunately, the available treatments are more symptomatic than preventive. Although some of them may slow down the process, there is no hope for a reversal, leading gradually to more cartilage loss and finally to joint replacement.…”