Who Is at Risk of Death after Renal Trauma? An Analysis of Thirty-Day Mortality after 1,799 Cases of Renal Trauma

Abstract

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The aim of the study was to report the 30-day mortality (30DM) after renal trauma and identify the risk factors associated with death. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The TRAUMAFUF project was a retrospective multi-institutional study including all patients with renal trauma admitted to 17 French hospitals between 2005 and 2015. The included population focused on patients of all age groups who underwent renal trauma during the study period. The primary outcome was death within 30 days following trauma. The multivariate logistic regression model with a stepwise backward elimination was used to identify predictive factors of 30DM. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Data on 1,799 renal trauma were recorded over the 10-year period. There were 59 deaths within 30 days of renal trauma, conferring a 30DM rate of 3.27%. Renal trauma was directly involved in 5 deaths (8.5% of all deaths, 0.3% of all renal trauma). Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that age >40 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.18; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20–3.99; <i>p</i> = 0.01), hemodynamic instability (OR 4.67; 95% CI: 2.49–9; <i>p</i> < 0.001), anemia (OR 3.89; 95% CI: 1.94–8.37; <i>p</i> < 0.001), bilateral renal trauma (OR 6.77; 95% CI: 2.83–15.61; <i>p</i> < 0.001), arterial contrast extravasation (OR 2.09; 95% CI: 1.09–3.96; <i>p</i> = 0.02), and concomitant visceral and bone injuries (OR 6.57; 95% CI: 2.41–23.14; <i>p</i> < 0.001) were independent predictors of 30DM. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our large multi-institutional study supports that the 30DM of 3.27% after renal trauma is due to the high degree of associated injuries and was rarely a consequence of renal trauma alone. Age >40 years, hemodynamic instability, anemia, bilateral renal trauma, arterial contrast extravasation, and concomitant visceral and bone lesions were predictors of death. These results can help clinicians to identify high-risk patients.