Who Leaves and When? – Selective Outmigration of Immigrants from Germany

Kuhlenkasper, Torben; Steinhardt, Max Friedrich

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2166747

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Inversely, a high income seems to be negatively correlated with return migration and intentions (Kuhlenkasper & Steinhardt 2012;Constant & Massey 2002;Constant & Zimmermann 2012).…”

Section: Neoclassical Economics and New Economics Of Labor Migrationmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Studies that analyze the impact of structural change on remigration rates are rare. An exception is the analysis by Kuhlenkasper & Steinhardt (2012) on remigration patterns of migrants to Germany. The authors find a "rising effect" after the year 2000 "[that] is likely to be driven by the positive development of the Turkish economy" (2012: 21) but they do not pursue this argument any further.…”

Section: Structural Approaches To Remigrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Turning Back to Turkey Or Turning the Back to Germany? Remigration Intentions and Behavior of Turkish Immigrants in Germany between 1984 and 2011

Diehl

Liebau

2014

SSRN Journal

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Summary: This contribution analyzes whether remigration intentions and actual remigration to their homeland on the part of Turkish migrants to Germany have evolved over time, and if so, why. To do so, event-history analysis is applied to data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP). Findings reveal an increase in remigration intentions as well as rates of return for first generation migrants after the turn of the millennium. Before that, both such intentions and rates of actual return had declined, mostly as a consequence of integration in Germany. Those migrants who plan to return have a stronger emotional attachment to Turkey than those who plan to stay. However, the two groups differ neither with respect to their educational levels nor in terms of their perceptions of discrimination. There are similar findings with respect to the small though slightly increasing group of immigrants who actually returned to Turkey. It is thus argued that rising remigration intentions and actual remigration among first-generation migrants are unrelated to their integration into German society and are probably triggered by social change in their country of origin. Terms of use: Documents inKeywords: Immigration; Remigration; Remigration Intentions; Integration; Discrimination; Event-History Analysis; GSOEP.Zusammenfassung: Der Beitrag der Frage nach, wie sich die Remigrationsabsichten und das Remigrationsverhalten tür-kischstämmiger Einwanderer in Deutschland im Zeitverlauf verändert haben, und wertet dazu alle Erhebungswellen des sozio-çkonomischen Panels (SOEP) ereignisdatenanalytisch aus. Die Befunde zeigen, dass Remigrationsabsichten und -raten türkischstämmiger Einwanderer seit der Jahrtausendwende angestiegen sind, nachdem sie zuvor vor allem in Folge zunehmender Integration abgenommen hatten. Diejenigen Einwanderer, die ihre Remigration planen, haben eine stärkere emotionale Bindung an die Türkei als diejenigen, die dauerhaft in Deutschland bleiben wollen. Beide Gruppen unterscheiden sich weder im Hinblick auf ihr Bildungsniveau noch im Ausmaß ihrer Wahrnehmungen von Diskriminierung in Deutschland. Ähnliches gilt für die kleine, aber leicht wachsende Gruppe tatsächlicher Remigranten. Daraus wird geschlossen, dass die Remigrationsabsichten und -raten der Einwanderer der ersten Generation unabhängig von Integrationsprozessen angestiegen und vermutlich eher dem sozialen Wandel in der Türkei geschuldet sind.

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“…Inversely, a high income seems to be negatively correlated with return migration and intentions (Kuhlenkasper & Steinhardt 2012;Constant & Massey 2002;Constant & Zimmermann 2012).…”

Section: Neoclassical Economics and New Economics Of Labor Migrationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Structural Approaches To Remigrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turning Back to Turkey Or Turning the Back to Germany? Remigration Intentions and Behavior of Turkish Immigrants in Germany between 1984 and 2011

Diehl

Liebau

2014

SSRN Journal

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“…2 The neoclassic assumption that remigration occurs when initial migration has turned out to be a failure has been confirmed in several studies: being jobless or working part-time increases the likelihood of return (Constant & Massey 2002;Kuhlenkasper & Steinhardt 2012;Gundel & Peters 2008). Inversely, a high income seems to be negatively correlated with return migration and intentions (Kuhlenkasper & Steinhardt 2012;Constant & Massey 2002;Constant & Zimmermann 2012).…”

Section: Neoclassical Economics and New Economics Of Labor Migrationmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In turn, having a partner back home renders return migration more likely (Constant & Massey 2002;Kuhlenkasper & Steinhardt 2012;Gundel & Peters 2008;Constant & Zimmermann 2012).…”

Section: Neoclassical Economics and New Economics Of Labor Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Germany, numerous media reports and first empirical studies have recently been published focusing on allegedly increasing emigration rates of Turks to Turkey (Kuhlenkasper & Steinhardt 2012;Aydin 2010). This literature conveys a strong impression that young and skilled Turks are the ones prone to turn their backs on Germany and remigrate to a prosperous homeland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Turning back to Turkey – Or Turning the Back on Germany?

Diehl

Liebau

2015

Zeitschrift Für Soziologie

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This contribution analyzes whether remigration intentions and actual remigration to their homeland on the part of Turkish migrants to Germany have evolved over time, and if so, why. To do so, event-history analysis is applied to data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP). Findings reveal an increase in remigration intentions as well as rates of return for first generation migrants after the turn of the millennium. Before that, both such intentions and rates of actual return had declined, mostly as a consequence of integration in Germany. Those migrants who plan to return have a stronger emotional attachment to Turkey than those who plan to stay. However, the two groups differ neither with respect to their educational levels nor in terms of their perceptions of discrimination. There are similar findings with respect to the small though slightly increasing group of immigrants who actually returned to Turkey. It is thus argued that rising remigration intentions and actual remigration among first-generation migrants are unrelated to their integration into German society and are probably triggered by social change in their country of origin.Zusammenfassung: Der Beitrag der Frage nach, wie sich die Remigrationsabsichten und das Remigrationsverhalten tür-kischstämmiger Einwanderer in Deutschland im Zeitverlauf verändert haben, und wertet dazu alle Erhebungswellen des sozio-çkonomischen Panels (SOEP) ereignisdatenanalytisch aus. Die Befunde zeigen, dass Remigrationsabsichten und -raten türkischstämmiger Einwanderer seit der Jahrtausendwende angestiegen sind, nachdem sie zuvor vor allem in Folge zunehmender Integration abgenommen hatten. Diejenigen Einwanderer, die ihre Remigration planen, haben eine stärkere emotionale Bindung an die Türkei als diejenigen, die dauerhaft in Deutschland bleiben wollen. Beide Gruppen unterscheiden sich weder im Hinblick auf ihr Bildungsniveau noch im Ausmaß ihrer Wahrnehmungen von Diskriminierung in Deutschland. Ähnliches gilt für die kleine, aber leicht wachsende Gruppe tatsächlicher Remigranten. Daraus wird geschlossen, dass die Remigrationsabsichten und -raten der Einwanderer der ersten Generation unabhängig von Integrationsprozessen angestiegen und vermutlich eher dem sozialen Wandel in der Türkei geschuldet sind.

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What initiates, what postpones return migration intention? The case of Turkish immigrants residing in Germany

Tezcan

2018

Population Space and Place

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This study endeavours to identify the determinants of return migration intentions of Turks living in Germany. The decision‐making patterns of potential return migrants are examined by seeking to answer three main research questions: (a) what are the main factors that push Turkish immigrants to consider return migration? (b) What are the main challenges postponing or promoting hesitation in the return decision? (c) what strategies are adopted to overcome those challenges? I conducted in‐depth interviews with 20 Turks living in Germany. Findings show that return migration intentions are associated with economic conditions, stigmatisation in both countries, social networks, commitment to the homeland, and perceived discriminatory attitudes. This study provides evidence that return migration intentions are formed through complex decision‐making processes based on economic and noneconomic factors. Although these factors may cause hesitation or postpone plans to return, all detected challenges were managed through specific coping strategies.

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Who Leaves and When? – Selective Outmigration of Immigrants from Germany

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Turning Back to Turkey Or Turning the Back to Germany? Remigration Intentions and Behavior of Turkish Immigrants in Germany between 1984 and 2011

Turning Back to Turkey Or Turning the Back to Germany? Remigration Intentions and Behavior of Turkish Immigrants in Germany between 1984 and 2011

Turning back to Turkey – Or Turning the Back on Germany?

What initiates, what postpones return migration intention? The case of Turkish immigrants residing in Germany

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