Who owns the roads? How motorised traffic discourages walking and bicycling

Jacobsen, Peter L.; Racioppi, Francesca; Rutter, Harry

doi:10.1136/ip.2009.022566

Cited by 155 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This result underlines the need to make cycling efficiency visible to non-users, for example, by providing objective data such as mean trip speeds by bicycle for a series of frequent trajectories compared to other modes of transportation. The association of the bicycle to the risk of personal accidents is undoubtable among non-users, and it matches the tendency observed in other works carried out in contexts where cycling is a minority practice (Fishman et al, 2012;Horton, 2007;Jacobsen, Racioppi, & Rutter, 2009)a public bicycle share scheme in Brisbane, Australia. Focus groups were conducted with participants belonging to one of three categories.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Qualitative analysis on cycle commuting in two cities with different cycling environments and policies

2016

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a b s t r a c tThis work presents the results of a qualitative study of the rating of the bicycle as the transport mode to travel to the workplace. Twenty-one semistructured interviews were performed in two Spanish cities, Vitoria-Gasteiz and Madrid, with different cycling infrastructures and percentages of bicycle usage. The results were categorized and interpreted within the framework of the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991). The results indicate that the bicycle is considered a reliable and flexible transport mode in instrumental terms, and that providing objective information about its advantages could increase its attraction for non-cyclists. Other intrinsic benefits, such as its effects on physical fitness, are highly valued. The benefits of bicycle usage on the environment do not seem to be aspects that directly motivate its use. These symbolic beliefs contribute to its revaluation as a transport mode, and may increase the acceptance of public policies favoring it. The analysis also shows a prototypical image of the cyclist as a young, active, and socially aware person. The perception of risk of accidents is the main obstacle for non-cyclists, but not among riders. The latter make internal attributions about their personal safety, choosing routes with less traffic, riding the bicycle in a safer way. Control beliefs distinguish between beliefs associated with external factors (like infrastructure and other measures provided by public bodies to increase cycling) and those attributed to internal factors (perception of self-efficacy in the face of drawbacks, clothing, climatology, or insecurity). Presenting these coping strategies to people contemplating the possibility of cycling can increase their motivation. These results may be particularly useful when designing measurement instruments that take these differences of perception of control into account.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Qualitative analysis on cycle commuting in two cities with different cycling environments and policies

2016

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“…It may be that consistency between domains is lacking and the dynamics between domains and the external environment may mitigate against sitting less. The powerful external influence of motorised transport, for example, is often cited as part of a complex network of external factors that make sedentary choices easier to make (Jacobsen, Racioppi, and Rutter 2009).…”

Section: What Is Organisational Culture?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Using organisational cultural theory to understand workplace interventions to reduce sedentary time

Such

Mutrie

2016

International Journal of Health Promotion and Education

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“…More imporantly, perceived safety is a crucial determinant of cycling behavior (Carver et al, 2005;Fishman, Washington, & Haworth, 2012;Heinen, Maat, & van Wee, 2011;Hoehner, Brennan Ramirez, Elliott, Handy, & Brownson, 2005;Jacobsen, Racioppi, & Rutter, 2009;Kerr et al, 2006;Morckel & Terzano, 2014;Nelson & Woods, 2010;Noland, 1995;Ogilvie, Egan, Hamilton, & Petticrew, 2004;Reynolds et al, 2009;Sanders, 2015;Van Dyck et al, 2012;Winters & Teschke, 2010). As such, addressing the issue of perceived safety is primarily an effort to promote cycling.…”

Section: Crash Risk From Cyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cycling as a Part of Daily Life: A Review of Health Perspectives

2015

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Health aspects of day-to-day cycling have gained attention from the health sector aiming to increase levels of physical activity, and from the transport and planning sector, to justify investments in cycling. We review and discuss the main pathways between cycling and health under two perspectives -generalizable epidemiological evidence for health effects and specific impact modeling to quantify health impacts in concrete settings. Substantial benefits from physical activity dominate the public health impacts of cycling. Epidemiological evidence is strong and impact modeling is well advanced. Injuries amount to a smaller impact on the population level, but affect crash victims disproportionately and perceived risks deter potential cyclists. Basic data on crash risks are available, but evidence on determinants of risks is limited and impact models are highly dependent on local factors. Risks from air pollution can be assumed to be small, with limited evidence for cycling-specific mechanisms. Based on a large body of evidence, planners, health professionals, and decision-makers can rest assured that benefits from cycling-related physical activity are worth pursuing. Safety improvements should be part of the efforts to promote cycling, both to minimize negative impacts and to lower barriers to cycling for potential riders.

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Who owns the roads? How motorised traffic discourages walking and bicycling

Abstract: Interventions to reduce traffic speed and volume are likely to promote walking and bicycling and thus result in public health gains.

Cited by 155 publications

References 33 publications

Qualitative analysis on cycle commuting in two cities with different cycling environments and policies

Qualitative analysis on cycle commuting in two cities with different cycling environments and policies

Using organisational cultural theory to understand workplace interventions to reduce sedentary time

Cycling as a Part of Daily Life: A Review of Health Perspectives

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