Who Pays for Clean Air: The Cost and Benefit Distribution of Federal Automobile Emission Controls

Elliott, Ward E. Y.; Harrison, David M.

doi:10.2307/3103239

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Although there still remain the technical challenges to more widely spread EVs [2]- [4], compared to the traditional internal combustion engine-based vehicle, EV has shown its ability to reduce the CO 2 emissions significantly [5], save the energy with the eco-driving [6], [7], increase the vehicle dynamic performances [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-Efficient Speed Planner for Connected and Automated Electric Vehicles on Sloped Roads

2022

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This paper proposes an energy-efficient speed planning strategy for a connected and automated vehicle (CAV) considering the upcoming traffic and road gradient information, which can be provided by the vehicle-to-everything communication systems. Unlike human drivers, CAV that receives long and short sighted traffic and road geometry information can optimize their speed profile to increase energy efficiency, depending on the powertrain types. In particular, the developed speed planner reducing the battery output power through the energy-efficiency improvement systems in electrified vehicles. Consequently, the CAV that is aware of the existence of the upcoming road gradient increases the speed on the uphill, and decreases the speed on the downhill to minimize the battery output power, which is different from the natural behaviors of human-driven vehicles on sloped roads. To consider the constraints, the model predictive control-based speed planner is developed, and its effectiveness is verified under various driving conditions. Simulation results show that our approach significantly outperforms the alternative speed profiles in terms of battery energy-saving, achieving about 27.21% of the energy efficiency improvement.INDEX TERMS Connected and automated vehicle, model predictive control, electric vehicle, energyefficiency improvement, energy-efficient driving.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-Efficient Speed Planner for Connected and Automated Electric Vehicles on Sloped Roads

2022

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“…Hemel refers to a variety of sources, on which I draw here. SeeHarrison (1975) (finding that the cost of automobile emission controls as a proportion of income is larger for lowerincome households than for higher-income households, while the distribution of benefits by income is less clear);Dorfman (1977) (estimating the benefits of pollution control based on self-reported willingness to pay and finding that pollution control imposes net costs on lower-income households and yields net benefits for higher-income households);Gianessi et al (1979) (finding that air-pollution controls impose net costs on higher-income households and generate net benefits for lower-income households while automobile emissions controls impose net costs on all income groups);Kahn (2001) (finding that "regulation under the Clean Air Act has helped, and not economically harmed, the 'have nots. '").10 See McGee (2021).Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis…”

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confidence: 99%

Inequality and the Value of a Statistical Life

Sunstein

2023

J. Benefit Cost Anal.

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A uniform value of a statistical life (VSL) is part of established practice within the federal government. Some people have applauded a uniform VSL on the ground that it respects the equality of persons; takes harm to poor people as seriously as it does harm to wealthy people; avoids expressive harms; and builds appropriate wealth redistribution into regulatory policy. Other people have strenuously objected to a uniform VSL, emphasizing that to reduce mortality risks, poor people are willing to pay less than rich people are, and urging that poor people should not have to pay more than they are willing to pay. Whether a uniform VSL is in the interest of poor people depends on whether we are dealing with subsidies or regulations. In the case of subsidies, a uniform VSL is highly likely to benefit poor people. If we are dealing with regulations, we cannot know whether a uniform VSL helps or harms poor people without knowing the incidence of costs (and benefits).

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Who Pays for Clean Air: The Cost and Benefit Distribution of Federal Automobile Emission Controls

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Energy-Efficient Speed Planner for Connected and Automated Electric Vehicles on Sloped Roads

Energy-Efficient Speed Planner for Connected and Automated Electric Vehicles on Sloped Roads

Inequality and the Value of a Statistical Life

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