Who Pays for National Defense? Financing Defense Programs in the United States, 1947-2007

Keeping the Schools Open While the Troops are Away: Regime Type, Interstate War, and Government Spending

“…To be clear, we do not suggest that social and military expenditures are the only forms of government spending nor do we imply that there is an inherent trade‐off between the two. There is significant research, in fact, that indicates a standard guns‐butter trade‐off does not exist (Domke, Eichenberg, and Kelleher ; Mintz ; Palmer ; Heo and Bohte ). Governments allocate resources to the bureaucracy, debt servicing, and a number of other purposes besides guns and butter.…”

Fiscal Austerity and Rental Housing Policy in the United States and United Kingdom, 2010–2016

“…Reductions in budget cuts also came about in the US because the BCA's foundational statute inextricably linked cuts to domestic programs to those for the military and there was increased pressure to increase defense funding (Greenberg, 2013;Heo & Bohte, 2012). The second part of the reasons for the variability or mutability of budget cuts was analogous to those in the UK: revenues increased and mandatory debt payments declined.…”

How Butter Beats the Guns

“…7 There is a substantial body of literature on the guns vs. butter trade-off, and the presumed "peace dividend". Since Russett 8 until Heo and Bohte, 2012 9 no conclusive empirical evidence of a trade-off was found. More results of this body of literature review are summarized in Supplementary Materials, see Tables 1 and 2.…”