Who's Patenting in the University? Evidence From the Survey of Doctorate Recipients

Abstract

We use the Survey of Doctorate Recipients to examine the question of who in US universities is patenting. Because standard methods of estimation are not directly applicable, we use a zero-inflated negative binomial model to estimate the patent equation, using instruments for the number of articles to avoid problems of endogeneity. We also estimate the patent model using the generalized method of moments estimation of count data models with endogenous regressors. We find work context and field to be important predictors of the number of patent applications. We also find patents to be positively and significantly related to the number of publications. This finding is robust to the choice of instruments and method of estimation. The cross-sectional nature of the data preclude an examination of whether a trade-off exists between publishing and patenting, holding individual characteristics constant over time. But the strong cross-sectional correlation that we find does not suggest that commercialization has come at the expense of placing knowledge in the public domain.Academic research productivity, Patenting, Publishing, Technology transfer, Count data models, Bayh-Dole Act,

Inventorship and authorship as attribution rights: An enquiry into the economics of scientific credit

“…Second, female scientists may also assign a lower value to inventorship than men. In this respect, several authors find that female scientists patent less than men with the same publication records (Breschi et al, 2005;Azoulay et al, 2007;Stephan et al, 2007; see also Whittington and Smith-Doerr, 2008). This may be explained by Ding et al's (2006) and Murray and Graham's (2007) analysis of longitudinal data on careers and field interviews, which show that women have fewer 5 802 F.2d 1367, 1376(Fed.…”

Sur les conséquences du brevet d’invention dans la science : résultats d’une enquête auprès des inventeurs académiques français

“…En rapport à cette question, l'intérêt de nos données est qu'elles permettent d'évaluer les facteurs qui influencent le choix délibéré des chercheurs d'orienter leurs recherches vers des domaines brevetables (leur préférence déclarée). Or, la plupart des études existantes ne disposent pas de cette information mais uniquement du nombre de brevets effectivement déposés par les chercheurs (nombre qui est censé révéler leur préférence d'orienter leurs recherches vers des domaines brevetables) (Van Looy et al, 2006;Azagra Caro et al, 2006;Carayol, 2007;Stephan et al, 2007). Il est ainsi intéressant de comparer les deux approches : est-ce que les facteurs qui influencent le nombre de brevets effectivement déposés par un chercheur coïncident avec ceux qui affectent le choix d'orientation des recherches?…”

The role of public funding in nanotechnology scientific production: Where Canada stands in comparison to the United States

“…Given the potential endogeneity, we test three instruments for this variable to correct this problem. One of the alternatives that is suggested in econometric studies to estimate the parameters in this model on a set of instrumental variables is the Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS) method (Biro 2009;Terza et al 2008;Stephan et al 2007). …”