Who Smokes in Europe? Data From 12 European Countries in the TackSHS Survey (2017–2018)

Gallus, Silvano; Lugo, Alessandra; Liu, Xiaoqiu; Behrakis, Panagiotis; Boffi, Roberto; Bosetti, Cristina; Carreras, Giulia; Chatenoud, Liliane; Clancy, Luke; Continente, Xavier; Dobson, Ruaraidh; Effertz, Tobias; Filippidis, Filippos; Fu, Marcela; Geshanova, Gergana; Gorini, Giuseppe; Keogan, Sheila; Ivanov, Hristo; López, María José; Nicolás, Ángel López; Precioso, José; Przewoźniak, Krzysztof; Radu-Loghin, Cornel; Ruprecht, Ario; Semple, Sean; Soriano, Joan B.; Starchenko, Polina; Trapero‐Bertran, Marta; Tigova, Olena; Tzortzi, Anna; Vardavas, Constantine; Vyzikidou, Vergina Konstantina; Colombo, Paolo; Fernández, Esteve

doi:10.2188/jea.je20190344

Cited by 76 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…†Sample size (N) is the unweighted number of e-cigarette non-users for each corresponding country-level characteristic.‡aOR were estimated multilevel logistic random-effects models, to take into account the heterogeneity between the countries. Estimates in bold are statistically significant at 0.05 level.§Reference category.¶Geographical area was categorised into Northern Europe (Ireland, Latvia and England), Western Europe (France and Germany), Southern Europe (Italy, Greece, Portugal and Spain) and Eastern Europe (Bulgaria, Poland and Romania) according to United Nations M49 Standard,35 by the World Bank gross domestic product (GDP) per capita into GDP per capita36 ≤25.000€ (Bulgaria, Latvia, Romania, Poland, Portugal and Greece) and GDP per capita>25.000€ (England, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy and Spain), by score of37 Tobacco Control Scale≤50 (Bulgaria, Poland, Portugal, Latvia, Greece and Germany) and Tobacco Control Scale>50 (England, Ireland, France, Romania, Italy and Spain), by country’s total smoking prevalence into <20% (Ireland, Italy and England), 20%–30% (Germany, Latvia and Poland) and >30% (Bulgaria, France, Greece, Portugal, Romania and Spain)33 and by country’s total population e-cigarette use prevalence into <1% (Poland, Portugal and Spain), 1%–4% (Bulgaria, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Latvia and Romania) and >4% (France, Greece and England). The latter two were estimated from the TackSHS survey data.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There was relatively small sample size in each country (approximately 1000 subjects), but the total sample size is large enough to draw an overall inference. Finally, this study had some differences in sampling methods across countries 33. However, we ensured the representativeness of the sample in proportion to each country’s population aged 1 ≥5 years by applying the weight factors into the analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study using data from the TackSHS survey, conducted in 12 selected European countries (Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Romania and Spain). The detailed methods of the TackSHS survey, including the questionnaire development, have been explained elsewhere 32 33. Sampling methods varied across countries, including multistage sampling (in Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Poland and Romania), cluster sampling with quotas (in England and France) and stratified random sampling (in Germany, Ireland, Portugal and Spain).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A pilot study was conducted in Italy in November 2016 while the fieldwork in other countries was conducted between June 2017 (in Romania) and October 2018 (in Latvia), using the same questionnaire administered with computer-assisted personal interviewing in all 12 countries. The questionnaire included information on socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, cigarette smoking, e-cigarette use, SHS and SHA exposures in various indoor and outdoor settings, and attitudes and perception towards SHS and SHA exposures 33…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure to secondhand aerosol of electronic cigarettes in indoor settings in 12 European countries: data from the TackSHS survey

et al. 2020

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Introduction: Exposure to secondhand aerosol from e-cigarette (SHA) may pose harmful effects to bystanders. This study aims to investigate the prevalence, duration, and determinants of SHA exposure in various indoor settings in 12 European countries. Methods:In 2017-2018, we conducted a cross-sectional study, the TackSHS survey, on a representative sample of the population aged ≥15 years in 12 European countries (Spain). We described the prevalence and duration of exposure to SHA in several indoor settings among 11,604 e-cigarette non-users. Individual-and country-level characteristics associated with SHA exposure were also explored using multi-level logistic regression analyses.Results: Overall, 16.0% of e-cigarette non-users were exposed to SHA in any indoor setting at least weekly, ranging from 4.3% in Spain to 29.6% in England. The median duration of SHA exposure among those who were exposed was 43 minutes/day. "Other indoor settings" (e.g. bar, restaurant) was reported as the place where most of e-cigarette non-users were exposed (8.3%), followed by workplace/educational venues (6.4%), home (5.8%), public transportation (3.5%), and private transportation (2.7%). SHA exposure was more likely to occur in certain groups of non-users: men, younger age groups, those with higher level of education, e-cigarette past users, current smokers, those perceiving SHA harmless and living in countries with a higher e-cigarette use prevalence. Conclusions:We found inequalities of SHA exposure across and within European countries.Governments should consider extending their tobacco smoke-free legislation to e-cigarettes to protect bystanders, particularly vulnerable populations such as young people.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure to secondhand aerosol of electronic cigarettes in indoor settings in 12 European countries: data from the TackSHS survey

et al. 2020

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“…Despite the recent separation of the UK from the EU, we included it for its relevancy towards this study. Since April, Spain, Italy and Belgium have remained in the top five countries with the highest mortality rate ( [30]. Lastly, data regarding several contributors that lead to liver disease-related deaths from 31 European countries showed the main cause to die from liver disease in Spain and Italy is liver cancer, with the highest hepatocellular carcinoma incidence being observed in the later [31].…”

Section: Mortality Rate and Common Covid-19 Comorbidities Data In Eurmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes associated with liver damage signalling pathways may impact the severity of COVID-19 symptoms in Spanish and Italian populations

Moya

Farashi

Suravajhala

et al. 2020

Preprint

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AbstractAimThe novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes the COVID-19 disease, has infected more than 10 million people and caused 500K deaths worldwide. In Europe, over 2 million confirmed cases have been reported, while nearly 200K people have died from the disease. Despite strict containment measures in Spain and Italy after the first reported COVID-19 patient, these two countries have remained in the top five European nations with the highest mortality rate for over two months. We hypothesised that a genetic mechanism could partially explain the poor survival outcome observed in these two countries.MethodsAn extensive literature search to identify human candidate genes linked to SARS-CoV infection, host immune evasion and disease aggressiveness was carried out. Pathway analysis (IPA) was performed to select the most significantly associated canonical signalling pathways with the genes of interest. The genetic variants’ at these genes with ±1Mb flanking region was extracted (GRCh37/hg19 built). Over 80 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analysed in genome-wide data of 2,504 individuals (1000 genomes, phase III, https://www.internationalgenome.org/). Principal component (PC) analysis was performed, ancestry by the whole genome was inferred and subsets of the regions of interest were extracted (PLINK v1.9b, http://pngu.mgh.harvard.edu/purcell/plink/). PC1 to PC20 values from five European ancestries, including the Spanish and Italian populations, were used for PC analysis. Gene function predictions were run with our genes of interest as a query to the GeneMANIA Cytoscape plugin (https://genemania.org/).ResultsA total of 437 candidate genes associated with SARS were identified, including 21 correlated with COVID-19 aggressiveness. The two most significant pathways associated with all 437 genes (Caveolar-mediated Endocytosis and MSP-RON Signalling) did not show any segregation at the population level. However, the most significant canonical pathway associated with genes linked to COVID-19 aggressiveness, the Hepatic Fibrosis and Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation, showed population-specific segregation. Both the Spanish and Italian populations clustered together from the rest of Europe. This was also observed for the Finnish population but in the opposite direction. These results suggest some of the severe COVID-19 cases reported in Spain and Italy could be partially explained by a pre-existing liver condition (especially liver cancer) and/or may lead to further COVID-19 related liver complications.

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Real‐world treatment pattern and prognostic factors of stage IV lung squamous cell carcinoma patients

Hsu

Tsai

et al. 2022

The Kaohsiung J of Med Scie

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Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) represents a minor proportion of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring a poor prognosis. Herein, retrospective medical record research was performed to investigate real‐world treatment patterns and identify the prognostic factors among LUSC patients. A total of 173 patients with a median age of 68 years were enrolled for analysis. Males were predominant (n = 143, 83%) and current or ex‐smokers contributed to 78% of the entire cohort. Pleura and lung were the most common metastatic sites, whereas brain metastasis was only 7%. After diagnosis, however, only 107 patients (62%) had received first‐line chemotherapy. In the chemotherapy cohort, median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 3.9 and 11.1 months, respectively. After multivariable analysis, bone metastasis and the use of first‐line single‐agent chemotherapy independently predicted shorter PFS. For baseline characteristics, male sex, metastasis to lung, pleura, liver, and bone independently predicted worse OS. Regarding the treatment pattern, patients who had undergone standard first‐line doublet therapy and employed targeted therapies after disease progression linked to longer OS. In the real world, even those who underwent chemotherapy still had poor outcome. The findings may help clinicians to orchestrate the treatment strategies for LUSC patients and provide further direction of large‐scale studies.

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Who Smokes in Europe? Data From 12 European Countries in the TackSHS Survey (2017–2018)

Cited by 76 publications

References 19 publications

Exposure to secondhand aerosol of electronic cigarettes in indoor settings in 12 European countries: data from the TackSHS survey

Exposure to secondhand aerosol of electronic cigarettes in indoor settings in 12 European countries: data from the TackSHS survey

Genes associated with liver damage signalling pathways may impact the severity of COVID-19 symptoms in Spanish and Italian populations

Real‐world treatment pattern and prognostic factors of stage IV lung squamous cell carcinoma patients

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