“…There are some other factors that were found to influence employee proactive behavior, including leaders' personal attributes (openness to change: r = 0.45, Tröster & Van Knippenberg, ; self‐efficacy: r = 0.17 and 0.20, Fast, Burris, & Bartel, ; authentic personality: r = 0.17, Liang, ; and narcissism: r = 0.01, Liu, Ting‐Ju Chiang, Fehr, Xu, & Wang, ), affect (positive affect: r = 0.19, Liu, Song, Li, & Liao, ; negative affect: r = −0.07, Pan & Lin, ), and job embeddedness ( r = 0.33 to 47, Ng & Feldman, ). Proactive motivations were found or implied to be mediators in most of these studies.…”