Who Will Care for Me? The Debate of Orphanages Versus Foster Care

O'Sullivan, Joanne; McMahon, Maria Faillace

doi:10.1177/1527154406291104

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In European countries, as populations swelled so too did the need to create spaces of care for orphaned children; early examples of these spaces include places such as 'foundling hospitals' in seventh-century France and Italy which cared for abandoned children (O'Sullivan and McMahon 2006). These spaces were highly normative and imbued with religious ideals of parenthood and childhood, for example Christ's Hospital in England which was built in 1552 to care for abandoned children; however from 1600 onwards illegitimate children were no longer accepted (O'Sullivan and McMahon 2006). The first orphanage established in Russia was in 1706, and these spaces of care for abandoned children were similarly highly normative and moralising spaces, described as shelters for babies 'born of shame' (Pantiukhina 2009, 40).…”

Section: The Orphanagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mettray's perceived success with its rural location, and emphasis on making its inhabitants work proved 'popular' and led to similar institutions appearing in Britain and the Netherlands (see Driver 1990;Ploszajska 1994;Dekker and Lechner 1999;Dekker 2007). Rural isolation was popularly believed to be beneficial to vagrant and orphaned children; in the USA orphans were dispatched from crowded urban environments to rural foster families (O'Sullivan and McMahon 2006). The belief that work could cure orphaned children of their social ills was similarly popular; in the Soviet Union Anton Makarenko set up labour communes for homeless and orphaned children, or as Makarenko described them, 'moral defectives' (Oushakine 2004, 410).…”

Section: The Orphanagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the USA, Henry Dwight Chapin, a paediatrician, argued that the institutionalisation of children in residential care settings was ineffective and harmful to the children, leading to the closure of many institutions and a move towards fostering (O'Sullivan and McMahon 2006). In the UK, the work of the psychiatrist Bowlby (1969Bowlby ( , 1973Bowlby ( , 1980 on attachment and loss in children proved particularly influential; Bowlby argued that from the age of 6 months to 3 years, children form attachments with familiar adults, and their development is strongly linked to these adults' (or adult's) sensitivity to their needs.…”

Section: The Orphanagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Complex spaces of orphan care – a Russian therapeutic children's community

Disney

2013

Children's Geographies

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Institutions of orphan care are immensely complex spaces imbued with social and cultural norms, and can exhibit intricate power relations and particularly severe examples of surveillance. While there have been numerous excellent quantitative studies of these institutions, they reveal little of the complexity and heterogeneity of the spaces, and there remains a need for more qualitative and particularly ethnographic studies of spaces of orphan care to reveal their nuances. Drawing upon the author's reflections on a highly unusual space of orphan care, this article makes two major contributions to Children's Geographies: (1) it employs a sorely neglected aspect of Foucault's work in Children's Geographies, Mettray, in analysing surveillance and discipline in an institution providing care to orphaned children and (2) It highlights the heterogeneity of these spaces and provides an example of best practice in spaces of orphan care.

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Section: The Orphanagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Orphanagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Orphanagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Complex spaces of orphan care – a Russian therapeutic children's community

Disney

2013

Children's Geographies

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“…(Де)конструирование пространств устройства детей-сирот Самые ранние примеры учреждений для детей-сирот можно отнести к VII в.: в Италии и Франции появились первые приюты для брошенных детей (O'Sullivan, McMahon 2006). В Великобритании и Западной Европе массовая институциализация детей-сирот стала общепринятой практикой лишь в XIX в. Несмотря на свою повсеместность, воспитательные дома не всегда рассматривались как идеальные пространства для ухода за деть-ми-сиротами.…”

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Этнографический Взгляд На роль Эмоций В российском Детском Доме

Дисней¹

2017

JSPS

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ЭТНОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ ВЗГЛЯД НА РОЛЬ ЭМОЦИЙ В РОССИЙСКОМ ДЕТСКОМ ДОМЕСо второй половины XX в. на Западе широкое распространение получила политика деинституциализации ухода за детьми-сиротами, в контексте которой детские дома рассматриваются как места эмоциональной депри-вации, способные причинить значительный вред проживающим в них детям. Тем не менее масштабная институциализация детей-сирот по-прежнему сохраняется во многих странах мира, в том числе в России. Рассматривая роль эмоций в системе ухода за детьми-сиротами, автор статьи вносит вклад в научную дискуссию по двум направлениям. Во-первых, в работе с опорой на психологические теории социальной при-вязанности прослежено, как макроинституциальная картина социальной поддержки детей-сирот и детей, оставшихся без попечения родителей, (де)конструируется в Европе и России. Во-вторых, основываясь на мате-риалах этнографического исследования, проведенного в детском доме для детей с интеллектуальной инвалидностью, автор статьи исследует значение эмоций в жизни трех групп индивидов, а именно персонала, волонтеров и детей-сирот, а также влияние межличностных отношений на детей, живущих в детском доме. Рассматривая детский дом как гибридное про-странство, совмещающее домашнюю и рабочую среды, и опираясь на со-циальные исследования детства, автор изучает влияние эмоций на жизнь уязвимой категории детей и показывает, как эмоциональные конфликты между персоналом и волонтерами могут воздействовать на организацию ухода за детьми и его качество. Этнографический метод дополняет на-учную дискуссию о детских домах, в настоящее время локализованную в поле количественных и биопсихологических исследований, в части

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“…18,19 However, some studies argue that the effects of institutional care may be less negative than previously implied. 20 In some resource poor countries, orphanages are often the only viable means of orphan care 14 and more research is necessary to better understand this option particularly in those cases when adoption or other living arrangements are not possible. 21 In Henan Province, the AIDS orphanages were established by the government following some general guidance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

AIDS Orphanages in China: Reality and Challenges

Zhao

Li²,

Kaljee³

et al. 2009

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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With the increasing number of AIDS orphans in China, the government has been building AIDS orphanages since 2004 to accommodate some of those children who have lost both parents to AIDS. However, no data are available regarding the quality of this model of institutional care of AIDS orphans in China. This study, based on qualitative data from children and workers in AIDS orphanages, examines the daily lives, needs, and feelings of orphans and explores the advantages and disadvantages of institutionalized care of AIDS orphans in China. The current study was conducted in 2006-2007 in two rural counties of central China. Data in the current study included individual in-depth interviews with 23 children who lost both of their parents to HIV=AIDS (ages 8 to 17 years) living in AIDS orphanages and 5 AIDS orphanage workers. Findings in this study reveal that children living in orphanages mostly felt that the living conditions were better than the families they lived with after the death of their parents. However, according to the children and orphanage workers, the institutional care has some disadvantages, such as administrative restraints, limited psychological guidance, stigma, lack of education on AIDS, and financial burdens of the operation. Implications for intervention programs include continuing support from the government and nongovernmental organizations, improvements in administrative styles, and the need of incorporating psychological support within the institutions.

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Who Will Care for Me? The Debate of Orphanages Versus Foster Care

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Complex spaces of orphan care – a Russian therapeutic children's community

Complex spaces of orphan care – a Russian therapeutic children's community

Этнографический Взгляд На роль Эмоций В российском Детском Доме

AIDS Orphanages in China: Reality and Challenges

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