“…Categorization theory refers to the way consumers categorize new products by comparing them to the market information about the parent brand already stored in their memories (Loken and John, 1993;Quamina et al, 2023;Sujan and Dekleva, 1987). According to categorization theory, parent brands are associated with a specific set of attributes, and brand family categories are formed in consumers' minds as new extensions are introduced (Childs et al, 2018;He et al, 2023;Kim et al, 2001). As part of categorization theory, schema theory proposes that brand knowledge is organized by consumers in memory-based structures called schemas (Bettman, 1979;Sujan and Bettman, 1989).…”