Whole-body active warm-up and inspiratory muscle warm-up do not improve running performance when carrying thoracic loads

Faghy, Mark A; Brown, Peter I.

doi:10.1139/apnm-2016-0711

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The subject of inspiratory and respiratory muscle warm-up has received significant attention recently (20); however this area is beyond the scope of this review and studies investigating inspiratory and respiratory muscle warm-up were excluded from this review. Likewise, although respiratory muscle training has been extensively studied in a variety of disease states, this area is beyond the scope of this review.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advancements in Our Understanding of the Ergogenic Effect of Respiratory Muscle Training in Healthy Humans: A Systematic Review

Shei

2018

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Shei, R-J. Recent advancements in our understanding of the ergogenic effect of respiratory muscle training in healthy humans: a systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 32(9): 2674-2685, 2018-Respiratory muscle training (RMT) has been shown to be an effective ergogenic aid for sport performance. Respiratory muscle training has been documented to improve performance in a wide range of exercise modalities including running, cycling, swimming, and rowing. The physiological effects of RMT that may explain the improvements in performance have been proposed to include diaphragm hypertrophy, muscle fiber-type switching, improved neural control of the respiratory muscles, increased respiratory muscle economy, attenuation of the respiratory muscle metaboreflex, and decreases in perceived breathlessness and exertion. This review summarizes recent studies on the ergogenicity and mechanisms of RMT since 2013 when the topic was last systematically reviewed. Recent evidence confirms the ergogenic effects of RMT and explores different loading protocols, such as concurrent exercise and RMT (i.e., "functional" RMT). These studies suggest that adapting new training protocols may have an additive improvement effect, but evidence of the efficacy of such an approach is conflicting thus far. Other recent investigations have furthered our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning RMT-associated improvements in performance. Importantly, changes in ventilatory efficiency, oxygen delivery, cytokine release, motor recruitment patterns, and respiratory muscle fatigue resistance are highlighted as potential mechanistic factors linking RMT with performance improvements. It is suggested that future investigations focus on development of sport-specific RMT loading protocols, and that further work be undertaken to better understand the mechanistic basis of RMT-induced performance improvements.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advancements in Our Understanding of the Ergogenic Effect of Respiratory Muscle Training in Healthy Humans: A Systematic Review

Shei

2018

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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“…Accordingly, specific inspiratory muscle warm-up and training methods have been applied to unloaded (rowing and swimming) and load carriage tasks to attenuate the magnitude of inspiratory muscle fatigue and improve performance (Volianitis et al 2001;Lomax, Grant, and Corbett 2011). However, inspiratory muscle warm-ups whereby the individual performs 2 x 30 sub-maximal (40% maximal inspiratory muscle pressure; PImax) inspiratory efforts prior to exercise in addition to a controlled whole body active warm-up was ineffective in eliciting an improvement in performance on a 2.4 km loaded time trial, despite transient increases in PImax, which is contradictory of unloaded performance tasks (Faghy and Brown 2017). However, six weeks of inspiratory muscle training (IMT), comprising 30 inspiratory efforts completed twice daily (50% PImax), increased baseline PImax and provided an ergogenic effect when exercising with a 25kg load compared with a double-blind placebo control (Faghy and Brown 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional training of the inspiratory muscles improves load carriage performance

Faghy

Brown

2019

Ergonomics

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Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) whilst adopting body positions that mimic exercise (functional IMT; IMTF) improves running performance above traditional IMT methods in unloaded exercise. We investigated the effect of IMTF during load carriage tasks. Seventeen males completed 60 min walking at 6.5 km•h-1 followed by a 2.4 km load carriage time-trial (LCTT) whilst wearing a 25 kg backpack. Trials were completed at baseline; post 4 weeks IMT (consisting of 30 breaths twice daily at 50% of maximum inspiratory pressure) and again following either 4 weeks IMTF (comprising four inspiratory loaded core exercises) or maintenance IMT (IMTCON). Baseline LCTT was 15.93 ± 2.30 min and was reduced to 14.73 ± 2.40 min (mean reduction 1.19 ± 0.83 min, P<0.01) after IMT. Following phase two, LCTT increased in IMTF only (13.59 ± 2.33 min, P<0.05) and was unchanged in post-IMTCON. Performance was increased following IMTF, providing an additional ergogenic effect beyond IMT alone.

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“…Other studies have not observed an improvement produced by the warming of the inspiratory muscles [61,62]; however, these studies were conducted in continuous sports modalities, which could explain the difference in results. Further studies on the possible beneficial effects of acute IMT in intermittent sports would be needed.…”

Section: Acute Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 82%

Inspiratory Muscle Training in Intermittent Sports Modalities: A Systematic Review

Lorca-Santiago

Jiménez

Pareja‐Galeano

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The fatigue of the respiratory muscles causes the so-called metabolic reflex or metaboreflex, resulting in vasoconstriction of the blood vessels in the peripheral muscles, which leads to a decrease in respiratory performance. Training the respiratory muscles is a possible solution to avoid this type of impairment in intermittent sports. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the results obtained with inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in intermittent sports modalities, intending to determine whether its implementation would be adequate and useful in intermittent sports. A search in the Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus databases was conducted, following the Preferred Reporting Elements for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The methodological quality of the articles was assessed using the PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database) scale. In conclusion, the introduction of specific devices of IMT seems to be a suitable method to improve performance in intermittent sports, mainly due to a reduction of the metaboreflex, fatigue sensation, and dyspnea. The ideal protocol would consist of a combination of acute and chronic treatment, and, even if IMT is done daily, the duration will not exceed one hour per week.

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Whole-body active warm-up and inspiratory muscle warm-up do not improve running performance when carrying thoracic loads

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

Recent Advancements in Our Understanding of the Ergogenic Effect of Respiratory Muscle Training in Healthy Humans: A Systematic Review

Recent Advancements in Our Understanding of the Ergogenic Effect of Respiratory Muscle Training in Healthy Humans: A Systematic Review

Functional training of the inspiratory muscles improves load carriage performance

Inspiratory Muscle Training in Intermittent Sports Modalities: A Systematic Review

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