Whole-body and segment angular momentum during 90-degree turns

Nolasco, Luis A.; Silverman, Anne K.; Gates, Deanna H.

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.02.003

Cited by 40 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The apparent difference across planes is consistent with other studies that explore the effect of perturbing gait or changing task demands on L (e.g. 9,35 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Changes in human walking dynamics induced by uneven terrain are reduced with ongoing exposure, but a higher variability persists

Kent

Sommerfeld

Stergiou

2019

Sci Rep

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During walking, uneven terrain alters the action of the ground reaction force from stride to stride. The extent to which such environmental inconsistencies are withstood may be revealed by the regulation of whole-body angular momentum (L) during walking. L quantifies the balance of momenta of the body segments (thigh, trunk, etc.) about their combined center of mass, and remains close to zero during level walking. A failure to constrain L has been linked to falls. The aim of this study was to explore the ability of young adults to orchestrate their movement on uneven terrain, illustrated by the range of L (LR) and its variability (vLR). In eleven male adults, we observed significant increases in sagittal plane LR, and vLR in all three planes of motion during walking on an uneven in comparison to a flat surface. No reductions in these measures were observed within a 12-minute familiarisation period, suggesting that unimpaired adults either are unable to, or do not need to eliminate the effects of uneven terrain. Transverse plane LR, in contrast, was lower on immediate exposure, and then increased, pointing to the development of a less restrictive movement pattern, and would support the latter hypothesis.

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“…The apparent difference across planes is consistent with other studies that explore the effect of perturbing gait or changing task demands on L (e.g. 9,35 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Changes in human walking dynamics induced by uneven terrain are reduced with ongoing exposure, but a higher variability persists

Kent

Sommerfeld

Stergiou

2019

Sci Rep

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“…These findings may be a generalized strategy in prepared human walking cuts. A recent study found that during anticipated 90-degree walk turns, angular momentum was not affected by the direction of change as long as individuals use sidestep cut style [38]. Similar conclusions were also made for healthy individuals performing crossover 90-degree cuts to right and left direction [39].…”

Section: Increased Task Complexity and Unanticipated State Pose Challsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…One limitation of our study is that we did not include arms in the model used to calculate H. Although arm swing may contribute to transverse-plane H during treadmill walking [45] and anteroposterior fall recovery [46], evidence have shown that the magnitude of contributions to frontal-plane H from the arms are very small relative to the trunk and legs during normal walking [8] and 90-degree turn [38]. Our statistical results may also be limited by the modest number of participants.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time evolution of frontal plane dynamic balance during locomotor transitions of altered anticipation and complexity

Pickle

Fey

2020

J NeuroEngineering Rehabil

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Background: Locomotor transitions between different ambulatory tasks are essential activities of daily life. During these transitions, biomechanics are affected by various factors such as anticipation, movement direction, and task complexity. These factors are thought to influence the neuromotor regulation of dynamic balance, which can be quantified using whole-body angular momentum (H). However, the specific effects of these factors on balance during transitions are not well understood. The ability to regulate dynamic balance in the presence of these contextual factors is especially important in the frontal plane, as it is usually challenging to maintain walking balance in the frontal plane for individuals with neuromuscular impairments. The purpose of this study was to apportion their effects on the time evolution of frontal plane dynamic balance during locomotor transitions of healthy, unimpaired individuals. Methods: Five healthy young subjects performed 10 separate types of transitions with discrete combinations of factors including complexity (straight walking, cuts, combined cut/stair ascent), cut style (crossover, sidestep), and anticipation (anticipated and unanticipated). A three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the maxima, minima, and average rates of change of frontal-plane H among all transitions. Results: Before transition, within anticipated state peak value of H increased 307% in crossover style relative to sidestep style (p < 0.0001). During Transition Phase, within unanticipated state the magnitudes of average rate of change and peak value increased 70 and 46% in sidestep style compared to crossover style (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0003). Within sidestep style, they increased in unanticipated state relative to anticipated state. Later in Correction Phase, within both anticipation states peak value of H increased 41 and 75% in cut/stairs transitions relative to cuts (p = 0.010 and p < 0.0001). For cut/stairs transitions, peak value of H increased 45% in unanticipated state compared to anticipated state (p = 0.0001).

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“…33 , see Figure 1A). Given that the largest whole-body angular momentums occur during the continuation phase 34 , our analysis focussed on the lateral acceleration during steps within the continuation phase in the middle of the turning movement, starting with the initial contact of the inside foot IC IN until the subsequent initial contact of the outside foot (IC OUT ) (see red boxes in Figure 1A+B).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… The LVC T for one turning movement T was then determined by averaging all steps n LVC n T within the turn. Note that for 90° turns there is often only one step which contributes to the LVC T of that specific turning movement T ( 34 , see Figure 1A+B). The resulting LVC measure for all turns of one subject in a condition was determined as the median of all LVC T of corresponding turning movements.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turning movements in real life capture subtle longitudinal and preataxic changes in cerebellar ataxia

Thierfelder

Seemann

John

et al. 2021

Preprint

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OBJECTIVES: Clinical and regulatory acceptance of upcoming molecular treatments in degenerative ataxias might greatly benefit from ecologically valid endpoints which capture change in ataxia severity in patients real life. This longitudinal study aimed to unravel quantitative motor biomarkers in degenerative ataxias in real life turning movements which are sensitive for changes both longitudinally and at the preataxic stage. METHODS: Combined cross-sectional (n=30) and longitudinal (n=14, 1 year interval) observational study in degenerative cerebellar disease (including 8 pre-ataxic mutation carriers) compared to 23 healthy controls. Turning movements were assessed by three body-worn inertial sensors in three conditions: (1) instructed laboratory assessment, (2) supervised free walking, and (3) unsupervised real-life movements. RESULTS: Measures which quantified dynamic balance during turning, lateral velocity change (LVC) and outward acceleration, but not general turning measures such as speed, allowed differentiating ataxic against healthy subjects in real life with high effect size (δ=0.68), with LVC also differentiating preataxic against healthy subjects (δ=0.53). LVC was highly correlated with clinical ataxia severity (SARA score, effect size ρ=0.79) and subjective balance confidence (ABC score, ρ=0.66). Moreover, LVC in real life but not general turning measures, gait measures, or the SARA score allowed detecting significant longitudinal change in one-year follow-up with high effect size (rprb=0.66). CONCLUSIONS: Measures of turning allow to capture specific changes of dynamic balance in degenerative ataxia in real life, with high sensitivity to longitudinal differences in ataxia severity and to the preataxic stage. They thus present promising ecologically valid motor biomarkers for capturing change in real life, even in the highly treatment-relevant early stages of degenerative cerebellar disease.

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Whole-body and segment angular momentum during 90-degree turns

Cited by 40 publications

References 31 publications

Changes in human walking dynamics induced by uneven terrain are reduced with ongoing exposure, but a higher variability persists

Changes in human walking dynamics induced by uneven terrain are reduced with ongoing exposure, but a higher variability persists

Time evolution of frontal plane dynamic balance during locomotor transitions of altered anticipation and complexity

Turning movements in real life capture subtle longitudinal and preataxic changes in cerebellar ataxia

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