Whole body balance control in Lenke 1 thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis during level walking

Abstract

Introduction Altered trunk shape and body alignment in Lenke 1 thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) may affect the body's balance control during activities. The current study aimed to identify the effects of Lenke 1 thoracic AIS on the balance control during level walking in terms of the inclination angles (IA) of the center of mass (COM) relative to the center of pressure (COP), the rate of change of IA (RCIA), and the jerk index of IA. The association between the Cobb angle, IA and RCIA was also evaluated. Materials and methods Sixteen adolescents with AIS (age: 14.0±1.8 years, height: 154.8±4.7 cm, mass: 42.0±7.5 kg) and sixteen healthy controls (age: 14.4±2.0 years, height: 158.4±6.2 cm, body mass: 48.6±8.9 kg) performed level walking in a gait laboratory. The kinematic and ground reaction force data were measured for both concave-side and convex-side limb cycles, and used to calculate the IA and RCIA, the jerk index of IA, and the temporal-spatial parameters. Correlations between the Cobb angle, IA and RCIA were quantified using Pearson's correlation coefficients (r). Results The patients showed less smooth COM-COP motion with increased jerk index of IA in the sagittal plane during single limb support (SLS) of the concave-limb (p = 0.05) and in the frontal plane during double limb support (DLS) (p < 0.05). The patients also showed significantly increased posterior RCIA on both the concave and convex side during initial (p = 0.04, p = 0.03) and terminal (p = 0.04, p = 0.03) DLS when compared to healthy controls. In the frontal plane, the patients walking on the concave-side limb showed decreased IA over SLS (p = 0.01), and at contralateral toe-off (p<0.01) and contralateral heel-strike (p = 0.02), but increased mean IA magnitude over terminal DLS (p = 0.01). The frontal IA at contralateral

The Postural Control Indexes during Unipodal Support in Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis

“…These results suggest that the assessment of bark dynamics may be relevant to investigate the function of sensorimotor integration in AIS. Furthermore, another researcher noticed compensatory changes in the control of the motions of the body segments between the gait cycles of the convex and concave sides [ 20 ].…”

Mid-vastus total knee arthroplasty for medial osteoarthritis recovers gait balance control better than lateral parapatellar approach three months post-surgery

“…During SLS, in contrast to DLS, the COM-COP motion can be regarded as an inverted pendulum, with the whole-body COM travelling from a trailing position to a leading position while the COP is controlled within a relatively small base of support. The reduction in RCIA in both the sagittal and frontal planes may indicate inadequate linear and angular velocities of the inverted pendulum for the COM to progress over the stationary foot ( Pai and Patton, 1997 ; Wu et al, 2020 ; Lee P. A. et al, 2021 ; Lee et al, 2022 ), resulting in the loss of balance, thus increasing the risk of falling. While the LPPA allows minimal muscle damage, preserves medial blood supply, and improves patellar tracking as compared to the traditional approach ( Cristea et al, 2016 ; Gunst et al, 2016 ), the damaged quadriceps tendon and the separation of the vastus lateralis from the remainder of the quadriceps around the lateral border of the patella ( Liu et al, 2001 ) can still result in patellar tracking disorders and difficulties in the function of the extensor mechanism ( Bindelglass and Vince, 1996 ), contributing to the observed alterations in the whole-body balance control, especially in the frontal plane.…”

“…A person with greater than normal IA but without an appropriate RCIA is considered to have compromised balance control, while a less than normal IA and RCIA indicate a conservative balance strategy. The current data analyses and graphics generation were conducted using in-house developed programs in MATLAB (R2017b, MathWorks, United States) ( Wu et al, 2020 ; Lee P. A. et al, 2021 ; Lee et al, 2022 ).…”

Biomechanical changes in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis during walking: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

“…A total of 11 cross-sectional studies, with a total of 301 patients with AIS, were included. [16][17][18][19][20][21][24][25][26][27]29] A random-effects model was employed due to high heterogeneity between studies (I 2 = 76%, P < .001). Patients with AIS were divided into different subgroups based on the range of Cobb angle mentioned in each study: mild to moderate group (Cobb angle 10° to 40°), moderate to severe group (Cobb angle ≥ 40°), and mild to moderate to severe full range group (Cobb angle ≥ 10°).…”