Whole-body fuel selection: ‘reproduction’

Robinson, John J.; Symonds, Michael

doi:10.1079/pns19950055

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…This response is confined to the early part of gestation and not observed near to term. Taken together these findings indicate that thyroid hormones play a primary role in maintaining the function of the differentiated trophoblast over a period in which growth and metabolic requirements are high (Robinson & Symonds, 1995). Furthermore, daily thyroxine treatment of rats throughout pregnancy enhances placental and fetal growth (Spencer & Robinson, 1993).…”

Section: -4 4-5mentioning

confidence: 81%

Nutrition-Environment Interactions in Pregnancy

Symonds

Clarke

1996

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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Section: -4 4-5mentioning

confidence: 81%

Nutrition-Environment Interactions in Pregnancy

Symonds

Clarke

1996

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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“…The predicted transition from positive to negative energy balance by the model at around 231 to 259 days of gestation agrees well with the observed rises in serum NEFA and 3-OHB (Figure lb and c), confirming the usefulness of these metabolites as indicators of energy status during pregnancy. This is known to be associated with a decline in umbilical blood flow and foetal metabolic rate during this period (reviewed by Robinson and Symonds, 1995). This is known to be associated with a decline in umbilical blood flow and foetal metabolic rate during this period (reviewed by Robinson and Symonds, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual energy intake and the metabolic and reproductive performance of beef cows differing in body size and milk potential

Sinclair¹,

Yıldız²,

Quintans³

et al. 1998

Anim. Sci.

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The metabolic status and reproductive performance of four pure breeds of beef cow (small size and low milk potential, Aberdeen Angus; small size and high milk potential, Welsh Black; large size and low milk potential, Charolais; and large size and high milk potential, Simmental) were monitored during their first two parities. Heifers from each breed were allocated to one of two levels of annual energy intake relative to metabolic body weight (M 075 ) (mean daily intakes equivalent to 705 and 820 kj/kg M°' 75 ) in a factorial design. In the 1st year 64 heifers (eight per treatment) which had calved as a consequence of first or second service were selected for the experiment. In the 2nd year 40 of these animals (five per treatment) which held to first or second service remained on experiment. Animals were housed all year round and given diets designed to represent energy intakes while grazing during the summer and conserved feeding during the winter. Pregnancy was established in late July of each year using a combination of oestrous synchronization and artificial insemination. Blood samples were collected at monthly intervals from weaning in November until calving in May; three times weekly from calving until oestrous synchronization (11 weeks later); and fortnightly thereafter until weaning.For the annual levels of dietary energy intake offered, two breeds (Welsh Black and Charolais) exhibited relatively high growth rates and had the longest post-partum anovulatory periods; and Charolais cows also had the poorest conception rates of all breeds. Relatively lean cows at calving (body condition score <2-5 units) were sensitive, in terms of the duration of the anovulatory period, to live-weight loss during the early post-partum period, particularly when blood glucose levels were low, whereas relatively fat cows at calving (body condition score >2-5 units) were not. The data suggest: (i) that mechanisms controlling the anabolic processes governing maternal growth are antagonistic towards those that control reproduction; and (ii) the catabolism of lean tissue rather than fat tissue during the early post-partum period is also antagonistic towards the mechanisms that govern reproductive function in cows.

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“…The extent to which these effects are linked to altered placental function, particularly changes in blood flow (Reynolds & Redmer, 1995) remain unexplored, although it has been suggested that irrespective of nutrient intake, almost two-thirds of the variance in fetal weight is accounted for by changes in placental weight (Mellor, 1983). The extent to which this can reduce fetal nutrition and growth or development of specific organs remains in doubt (see Robinson & Symonds, 1995).…”

Section: A E S a R E A N S E C T I O N D E L I V E R Y A N D A D A mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In lambs, laryngeal braking becomes prominent after the second week of life when 0 2 consumption and breathing frequency have both declined from the very high rates observed soon after birth (Andrews et al 1991~). Laryngeal braking is important in maintaining breathing rhythm and lung volume (Andrews et al 19916), although its recruitment is reduced in lambs born to chronically-underfed ewes (Symonds et al 1993) in which fetal lung growth can be restricted (Symonds et al 1995~).…”

Section: A M B I E N T T E M P E R a T U R E A N D L U N G M A T U R mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…0 2 consumption, lung development and adipose tissue maturation can all be compromised following removal of the fetal thyroid glands during late gestation (Barker et al 1990;Fowden & Silver, 1995;Symonds, 1995~). Fetal thyroidectomy results in a reduced rate of lung liquid secretion (Barker et al 1990) which is known to be necessary for pulmonary growth and structural maturation (Moessinger et al 1990).…”

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Influence of thyroid hormones and temperature on adipose tissue development and lung maturation

Symonds

Clarke²

1996

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Influence des hormones thyroidiennes et de la tempdrature sur le ddveloppement du tissu adipeux et la maturation des poumons RESUME Au cours de la vie pkrinatale, les interactions entre les apports de nutriments et la situation endocrinienne peuvent avoir des effets prononcks sur le dkveloppement des organes. Ces effets non seulement sont cruciaux en ce qu'ils permettent au nouveau-nk d'installer une vie indkpendante aprks la naissance a la suite de la skparation d'avec le placenta, mais ils ont aussi des conskquences a long terme sur la santk et la survie. Ces effets se produisent sous la mkdiation en partie des modifications dans la skcrktion d'hormones thyroldiennes qui, chez l'agneau, influencent le dkveloppement du tissu adipeux aussi bien que des poumons. La montke d'hormones thyroldiennes aprks la naissance est nkcessaire pour activer pour pleinement la thermogenhe non frissonnante dans le tissu adipeux brun, et celle-ci est rkduite aprks una naissance par cksarienne. D'autres facteurs comprenant le poids du corps de la mkre et la taille du placenta peuvent aboutir a l'hypothermie de l'agneau, qui semble Ctre due 2 ce que la thermogenkse frissonnante plut6t que non frissonnante n'a pu Ctre dkclenchke. Les hormones thyroldiennes sont nicessaires pour la maturation des poumons chez le foetus, et dans la vie aprks la naissance cette influence est determinee de fagon critique par les interactions entre la taille des poumons, la tempkrature ambiante et les besoins mitaboliques en oxygkne.

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Whole-body fuel selection: ‘reproduction’

Cited by 10 publications

References 87 publications

Nutrition-Environment Interactions in Pregnancy

Nutrition-Environment Interactions in Pregnancy

Annual energy intake and the metabolic and reproductive performance of beef cows differing in body size and milk potential

Influence of thyroid hormones and temperature on adipose tissue development and lung maturation

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