Whole body hyperthermia: effects upon canine immune and hemostatic functions

Oglesbee, Michael; Diehl, Kathryn A.; Crawford, Emily L.; Kearns, Robert J.; Krakowka, Steven

doi:10.1016/s0165-2427(99)00053-7

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…41 The immunologic, hematologic, and physiologic consequences of hyperthermia in a canine model are described in detail elsewhere. 25,40,41 In this study, archived canine tissue blocks, collected at various time intervals after 1 hour thermal stress insult, were used as positive controls for heat stress-induced apoptosis and TUNEL IHC, absent PCV-2 infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, as controls for the TUNEL IHC, absent PCV-2, archived replicate formalinfixed, paraffin-embedded blocks of thymus, lymphoid tissues including spleen and liver from dogs (n ϭ 8) subjected to controlled hyperthermia (core body temperature elevation to 39.5 C for 1 hour) were also studied. Clinical, immunologic, 25,41 gross, and histologic features of hyperthermia, including induction of heat stress protein 70 in the livers, lymph nodes, and thymi, have been reported. 40,41 Immunohistochemistry Five-micron paraffin-embedded section replicates were cut and adhered onto glass microslides.…”

Section: Tissue Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical, immunologic, 25,41 gross, and histologic features of hyperthermia, including induction of heat stress protein 70 in the livers, lymph nodes, and thymi, have been reported. 40,41 Immunohistochemistry Five-micron paraffin-embedded section replicates were cut and adhered onto glass microslides. After clearing with xylene, sections were rehydrated and then stained singly or in combination for: PCV-2 with a monoclonal antibody specific for the nucleocapsid, 35 a polyclonal rabbit anti-lysozyme (human) antibody, 49 and single-strand DNA breaks in cell nuclei (apoptosis) by TUNEL IHC.…”

Section: Tissue Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Features of Cell Degeneration and Death in Hepatic Failure and Systemic Lymphoid Depletion Characteristic of Porcine Circovirus-2–associated Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Disease

Krakowka

Ellis

McNeilly³

et al. 2004

Vet Pathol

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Abstract. Tissue section replicates from lymphoid tissues and livers of gnotobiotic swine were examined by immunohistochemistry for the colocalization of porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) nucleocapsid and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated incorporation of biotinylated nucleotides (UTP) onto the 3Ј-exposed hydroxyl groups (nick end labeling) nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (TUNEL), a marker for apoptosis. Single-and dually stained replicates from uninfected controls, subclinically affected PCV-2-infected gnotobiotic pigs, PCV-2-infected piglets immunosuppressed with cyclosporine (Cys), and PCV-2-infected piglets with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) were evaluated. Thymuses were used as positive controls for apoptosis absent PCV-2, tissue sections from dogs given hyperthermic stress were examined as positive controls for induced TUNEL. Tissues from heat-stressed dogs contained TUNEL-positive cell nuclei in both lymphoid tissues and liver, TUNEL was greatest shortly after the delivery of the hyperthermic insult. In uninfected control and subclinically affected PCV-2-infected gnotobiotic pigs, rare hepatocytes and lymphoid cells were TUNEL positive, the frequency of these was similar to that seen in uninfected controls. In PMWS-affected and Cys-treated PCV-2 piglets, the only consistent strongly positive TUNEL signal was contained within the cytoplasm of virus-positive phagocytic mononuclear cells. In phagocytes, some PCV-2 inclusions were TUNEL positive. Collectively, these data indicate that apoptosis is not the primary mechanism of lymphoid depletion and hepatocyte loss in PMWS. Apoptosis associated with systemic viral diseases may be attributable to pyrexia rather than direct or indirect effects of viruses on target cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tissue Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tissue Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Features of Cell Degeneration and Death in Hepatic Failure and Systemic Lymphoid Depletion Characteristic of Porcine Circovirus-2–associated Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Disease

Krakowka

Ellis

McNeilly³

et al. 2004

Vet Pathol

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“…suppressor cells were shown to be more sensitive to hyperthermic stress than helper CD4 ? lymphocytes [61]. It may be important to note that the temperature achieved in this protocol is above a normal physiological range and may account for the observed reduction in lymphocyte numbers.…”

Section: Thermal Regulation Of Immune Cell Proliferationmentioning

confidence: 91%

Diverse immune mechanisms may contribute to the survival benefit seen in cancer patients receiving hyperthermia

et al. 2009

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There is increasing documentation of significant survival benefits achieved in cancer patients treated with hyperthermia in combination with radiation and/or chemotherapy. Most evidence collected regarding the mechanisms by which hyperthermia positively influences tumor control has centered on in vitro data showing the ability of heat shock temperatures (usually above 42 degrees C) to result in radio- or chemosensitization. However, these high temperatures are difficult to achieve in vivo, and new thermometry data in patients reveal that much of the tumor and surrounding region is only heated to 40-41 degrees C or less as a result of vascular drainage from the target zone of the heated tumor. Thus, there is now a growing appreciation of a role for mild hyperthermia in the stimulation of various arms of the immune system in contributing to long term protection from tumor growth. Indeed, a review of recent literature suggests the existence of an array of thermally sensitive functions which may exist naturally to help the organism to establish a new "set point" of immune responsiveness during fever. This review summarizes recent literature identifying complex effects of temperature on immune cells and potential cellular mechanisms by which increased temperature may enhance immune surveillance.

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“…Although one of the symptoms associated with DIC is thrombocytopenia, this may also result from immune-mediated platelet destruction and platelet sequestration in the spleen (Boozer and MacIntire, 2003). Furthermore, elevated body temperatures (which were recorded for all infected dogs in this study) could have contributed to thrombocytopenia (Oglsbee et al, 1999). Although all infected dogs presented with severe thrombocytopenia, none developed haemorrhage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Alterations in some blood coagulation parameters in naturally occurring cases of canine babesiosis

Rafaj

Matijatko

Kiš

et al. 2009

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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Changes in coagulation parameters were studied in dogs naturally infected with Babesia canis canis (n = 30), and haemostasis was evaluated and compared to values obtained from healthy dogs (n = 29). To date, there have not been any studies examining the dynamics of thrombin-antithrombin complex formation in cases of canine babesiosis. Coagulation parameters evaluated before (day 0) and on days 1, 2, and 3 after treatment with imidocarb (6 mg/kg inj. s.c.) included the determination of platelet counts, the formation of thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TAT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and antithrombin III (AT III) activity. TAT complexes were significantly elevated in animals with babesiosis on days 0 and 2 (mean 49.7 and 87.7 µg/L vs. control, 7.2 µg/L). AT III activity was significantly decreased at all time-points examined. There were no differences in PT. On days 2 and 3 the APTT was significantly shortened in the infected dogs when compared to control animals (means of 21.3 and 19.2 s vs. control, 30.0 s). Our analysis demonstrated that infected dogs had significant thrombocytopenia during the course of the study (mean day 0 -29 × 10 9 /L, day 1 -48 × 10 9 /L, day 2 -47 × 10 9 /L and day 3 -87 × 10 9 /L, vs. control -259 × 10 9 /L). These data suggest that babesiosis in dogs compromises primary and secondary haemostasis and that induction of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) occurs in canine babesiosis.

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Whole body hyperthermia: effects upon canine immune and hemostatic functions

Cited by 19 publications

References 38 publications

Features of Cell Degeneration and Death in Hepatic Failure and Systemic Lymphoid Depletion Characteristic of Porcine Circovirus-2–associated Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Disease

Features of Cell Degeneration and Death in Hepatic Failure and Systemic Lymphoid Depletion Characteristic of Porcine Circovirus-2–associated Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Disease

Diverse immune mechanisms may contribute to the survival benefit seen in cancer patients receiving hyperthermia

Alterations in some blood coagulation parameters in naturally occurring cases of canine babesiosis

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