Whole body MRI: Improved lesion detection and characterization with diffusion weighted techniques

Attariwala, Rajpaul; Picker, Wayne

doi:10.1002/jmri.24285

Cited by 67 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…DWI is a specific MRI technique that examines molecular motion of water at the cellular level (16). ADC is the most widely accepted DWI measure and provides information about the local cell breakdown (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural effects of Ramadan fasting on the brain: a diffusion tensor imaging study

Bakan¹,

Yıldız²,

Alkan³

et al. 2015

Diagn Interv Radiol

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE PURPOSE We aimed to examine whether the brain displays any microstructural changes after a three-week Ramadan fasting period using diffusion tenson imaging. METHODSThis study included a study and a control group of 25 volunteers each. In the study group, we examined and compared apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) values of the participants during (phase 1) and after (phase 2) a period of fasting. The control group included individuals who did not fast. ADC and FA values obtained in phase 1 and phase 2 were compared between the study and control groups. RESULTSIn the study group, ADC values of hypothalamus and, to a lesser extent, of insula were lower in phase 1 compared with phase 2 and the control group. The FA values of amygdala, middle temporal cortex, thalamus and, to a lesser extent, of medial prefrontal cortex were lower in phase 1 compared with phase 2 and the control group. Phase 2 ADC and FA values of the study group were not significantly different compared with the control group at any brain location. CONCLUSION A three-week Ramadan fasting period can cause microstructural changes in the brain, and diffusion tensor imaging enables the visualization of these changes. The identification of brain locations where changes occurred in ADC and FA values during fasting can be helpful in diagnostic imaging and understanding the pathophysiology of eating disorders. Dietary changes such as hunger and thirst have metabolic, physiological, and neurological effects. Prior studies on the impact of hunger and thirst on brain functions were usually done with fasting individuals; and these studies investigated effects of fasting on psychomotor activities, sleep patterns, and motor cortex activity (1-3). A helpful way to understand effects of hunger and thirst on the brain is to examine neuroanatomical correlates of hunger and satiation with fasting individuals.In Islam, fasting during Ramadan, which is the ninth month of a lunar year, is an obligatory practice. Fasting for Muslims entails abstaining from food and drink from dawn till dusk. Depending on the season that Ramadan coincides with and the location, the duration of fasting may vary between approximately 10 and 20 hours.In the literature, different brain locations associated with hunger and satiety have been identified. In a study that used positron emission tomography, hunger was shown to be associated with an increase in neuronal activity in the hypothalamus, thalamus, basal ganglia, temporal cortex, cerebellum, insula, anterior cingulate, and orbitofrontal cortex; and satiety was found to be related to increased neuronal activity in prefrontal cortex (4-5).Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques that are used to measure the molecular motion of fluid and to quantify the direction and magnitude of diffusion (6-7). DWI produces apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as a measure of the diffusion, and DTI yields fractional anisotropy (FA) v...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural effects of Ramadan fasting on the brain: a diffusion tensor imaging study

Bakan¹,

Yıldız²,

Alkan³

et al. 2015

Diagn Interv Radiol

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“…This also offers the potential to perform quantitative assessment through calculation of lesion ADC values, which may vary with treatment and serve as a biomarker for therapeutic response (7,8,9,21).…”

Section: Technical Factors: Sequences and Imaging Planesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Cancer Predisposition Imaging: Focus on Whole-Body MRI

Greer

Voss

States

2017

Clinical Cancer Research

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The American Association for Cancer Research convened a meeting of international pediatric oncologists, geneticists, genetic counselors, and radiologists expert in childhood cancer predisposition syndromes (CPS) in October 2016 to propose consensus surveillance guidelines. Imaging plays a central role in surveillance for most, though not all, syndromes discussed. While encompassing the full gamut of modalities, there is increasing emphasis on use of nonionizing radiation imaging options such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children and adolescents, especially in the pediatric CPS population. In view of rapid evolution and widespread adoption of whole-body MRI (WBMRI), the purpose of our review is to address WBMRI in detail. We discuss its place in the surveillance of a range of pediatric CPS, the technical and logistical aspects of acquiring and interpreting these studies, and the inherent limitations of WBMRI. We also address issues associated with sedation and use of gadolinium-based contrast agents in MRI in children.

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“…DWIBS/T2 images were constructed with the Extended MR WorkSpace 2.6.3.4 software (Philips Medical Systems). The DWI gradients were applied along the x-, y-and z-axes before and after a 180˚ inversion prepulse to obtain fat-saturated, isotropic images with DWI sensitivity using the following parameters for a single stack: b value, 0 and 800 mm 2 /sec; TR/TE/IR, 6960/79/150 msec; acquisition matrix, 176x115; reconstruction matrix, 256; field of view, 530 mm (right/left), 349 mm (anterior/posterior) and 226 mm (feet/head); slice thickness, 6 mm; size of reconstructed voxel, 2.07x2.08x6 mm 3 .…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Mri) Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technique is based on diffusion-weighted imaging, which visualizes and assesses the random movement of water at the molecular level (also known as Brownian motion) (2). DWIBS significantly increases the signal-to-noise ratio and is useful for detecting and staging tumors, as well as monitoring the response to therapy (3,4). DWIBS is used to detect cancer in organs that are not influenced by respiration, such as in the breast (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic accuracy of diffusion-weighted whole-body imaging with background body signal suppression/T2-weighted image fusion for the detection of abdominal solid cancer

Tomizawa

Shinozaki

Fugo

et al. 2017

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. Diffusion-weighted whole-body imaging with background body signal suppression (DWIBS) images show significant contrast for cancer tissues against non-cancerous tissues. Fusion of a DWIBS and a T2-weighted image (DWIBS/T2) can be used to obtain functional, as well as anatomic, information. In the present study, the performance of DWIBS/T2 in the diagnosis of abdominal solid cancer was evaluated. The records of 14 patients were retrospectively analyzed [5 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 4 with metastatic liver cancer, 3 with pancreatic cancer, 1 with renal cellular carcinoma and 1 with malignant lymphoma of the para-aortic lymph node]. T1WI and T2WI scans did not detect pancreatic cancer in certain cases, whereas DWIs

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Whole body MRI: Improved lesion detection and characterization with diffusion weighted techniques

Cited by 67 publications

References 142 publications

Microstructural effects of Ramadan fasting on the brain: a diffusion tensor imaging study

Microstructural effects of Ramadan fasting on the brain: a diffusion tensor imaging study

Pediatric Cancer Predisposition Imaging: Focus on Whole-Body MRI

Diagnostic accuracy of diffusion-weighted whole-body imaging with background body signal suppression/T2-weighted image fusion for the detection of abdominal solid cancer

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