Whole Cow's Milk, Iron Deficiency Anemia, and Hypoproteinemia: An Old Problem Revisited

Hamrick, Harvey J.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1994.02170120113025

Cited by 11 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It is well known that prolonged IDA in infants leads to impaired psychomotor and mental development. [8][9][10] While PLE is most frequently associated with complex congenital heart disease or a primary gastrointestinal pathology, such as celiac disease, milk protein allergy, or other forms of malabsorption, studies have shown that excessive milk intake can be a primary cause of PLE and subsequent hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia. 6,7 We report a complex case of severe IDA with associated PLE with resultant hypoalbuminemia and anasarca.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anasarca, Hypoalbuminemia, and Anemia

Vogelaar

Loar

Bram

et al. 2014

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anasarca, Hypoalbuminemia, and Anemia

Vogelaar

Loar

Bram

et al. 2014

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

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“…0.62 ,umol/L or hemoglobin < 11.5) is very low. Children in such communities would be better served by screening programs that target children with individual risk factors, such as the early introduction of cow's milk, 33 Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin (gmol/L) April 1996, Vol. 86, No.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron deficiency in Massachusetts communities: Socioeconomic and demographic risk factors among children.

et al. 1996

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OBJECTIVES: This study examined the association between community rates of iron deficiency in children and sociodemographic characteristics of Massachusetts communities. METHODS: Between April 1990 and March 1991, 238 273 Mssachusetts children 6 through 59 months of age were screened; iron deficiency was defined as an erythrocyte protopophyrin concentration of 0.62 micromol/L or higher and a blood lead level of less than 1.2 micromol/L. Sociodemographic data were obtained from the 1990 US Census. RESULTS: Five percent of communities had iron deficiency rates greater than 13.9 per 100 children screened. Iron deficiency rate was positively associated with proportion of Southeast Asians (odds ratio [OR] = 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08, 1.12), proportion of Hispanics (OR = 1.008, 95% CI = 1.002, 1.013), and high school incompletion (OR = 1.028, 95% CI = 1.020, 1.035). Similarly, an examination of three Massachusetts cities indicated that the iron deficiency rate was higher for children with Southeast Asian (relative risk [RR] = 3.6, 95% CI = 3.3, 3.8) and Hispanic (RR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.5, 1.8) surnames than for all other children. CONCLUSIONS: Wide variation exists in iron deficiency rates for children in Massachusetts communities. Community iron deficiency was associated with low socioeconomic status and high proportions of Southeast Asians and Hispanics.

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“…Among the patients with IDA and PLE, hemoglobin ranged from 3.0 to 8.1 g/dl with an average of 5.2 g/dl, compared with the other 17 patients, in whom the average hemoglobin was 8.8 g/dl [8]. Other reported cases of IDA associated PLE have had similarly low hemoglobin values [9,10]. Eight of these patients also had PLE, and, among these eight, average hemoglobin was only 5.8 g/dl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…PLE has been previously reported in association with IDA [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. In many cases, excessive milk intake (>30 oz./day) has been noted [5,6,8] and is suspected to directly cause enteropathy [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In severe cases of IDA, protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) and anasarca (among other consequences) can develop [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], leading to significant morbidity and accrued healthcare cost. Nationwide estimates suggest iron deficiency occurs in nearly 10% of US children and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) occurs in 2% or more [1 && ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toddlers with anasarca and severe anemia

Salstrom

Kent

Liang

et al. 2012

Current Opinion in Pediatrics

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Two toddlers presented to their primary medical providers with anasarca and severe anemia. Laboratory evaluation revealed iron deficiency along with hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia. Both children were diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia and were suspected to have an associated protein-losing enteropathy. A brief review of the literature is provided, and data supporting the notion of protein-losing enteropathy being a consequence of severe iron deficiency anemia are discussed. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations for prevention of iron deficiency anemia are reviewed. These cases illustrate the importance of the primary medical care provider's role in preventive medicine and provide an example of severe complications that may arise from iron deficiency anemia if it is not recognized and treated early.

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Whole Cow's Milk, Iron Deficiency Anemia, and Hypoproteinemia: An Old Problem Revisited

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Anasarca, Hypoalbuminemia, and Anemia

Anasarca, Hypoalbuminemia, and Anemia

Iron deficiency in Massachusetts communities: Socioeconomic and demographic risk factors among children.

Toddlers with anasarca and severe anemia

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