Whole Genome Sequence Analysis and Homology Modelling of a 3C Like Peptidase and a Non-Structural Protein 3 of the SARS-CoV-2 Shows Protein Ligand Interaction with an Aza-Peptide and a Noncovalent Lead Inhibitor with Possible Antiviral Properties

Abstract

<p></p><p>The family of viruses belonging to Coronaviridae mainly consist of virulent pathogens that have a zoonotic property, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) of this family have emerged before and now the SARS-CoV-2 has emerged in China. Characterization of spike glycoproteins, polyproteins and other viral proteins from viruses are important for vaccine development. Homology modelling of these proteins with known templates offers the opportunity to discover ligand binding sites and explore the possible antiviral properties of these protein ligand complexes. In this study we did a complete bioinformatic analysis, sequence alignment, comparison of multiple sequences and homology modelling of the <a>SARS-CoV-2 </a>whole genome sequences, the spike protein and the polyproteins for homology with known proteins, we also analysed receptor binding sites in these models for possible binding with ligands that exhibit antiviral properties. Our results showed that the tertiary structure of the polyprotein isolate SARS-CoV-2_HKU-SZ-001_2020 had 98.94 percent identity with SARS-Coronavirus NSP12 bound to NSP7 and NSP8 co-factors. <a>Our results indicate that a part of the viral genome </a><a>(residues 3268 -3573 in Frame 2 with 306 amino acids) of the SARS-CoV-2 virus isolate Wuhan-Hu-1 (Genbank Accession Number MN908947.3) </a>when modelled with template 2a5i of the PDB database had 96 percent identity with a 3C like peptidase of SARS-CoV which has ability to bind with Aza-Peptide Epoxide (APE) which is known for irreversible inhibition of SARS-CoV main peptidase. Docking profile with 9 different conformations of the ligand with the protein model using Autodock Vina showed an affinity of -7.1 Kcal/mol. This region was conserved in 831 genomes of SARS-CoV-2. The part of the genome (residues 1568-1882 in Frame 2 with 315 amino acids) when modelled with template 3e9s of the PDB database had 82 percent identity with a papain-like protease/deubiquitinase which when complexed with ligand GRL0617 acts as inhibitor which can block SARS-CoV replication. Docking profile with 9 different conformation of the ligand with the protein model using Autodock Vina showed an affinity of -7.9 Kcal/mol. This region was conserved in 831 genomes of SARS-CoV-2. It is possible that these ligands can be antivirals of SARS-CoV-2. </p><p></p><p></p>

Update of the current knowledge on genetics, evolution, immunopathogenesis, and transmission for coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)

“…The S protein amino acid identity among the Bat-CoV ranged between 75.3% and 96.7%, with LYRa3 and RaTG13 S proteins having the lowest and highest identity to SARS-CoV-2, respectively [162]. The tertiary structure of the polyprotein isolate SARS-CoV-2_HKU-SZ-001_2020 had 98.94 % identity with SARS-Coronavirus NSP12 bound to NSP7 and NSP8 co-factors [163].…”

The Novel Insight of SARS-CoV-2 Molecular Biology and Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Options

“…Another mutation near the nsp3 phosphatase domain may cause the difference between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV (Angeletti et al, 2020). SARS-CoV-2 sequencing has proposed that the papain-like protease/deubiquitin domain, a unique protein in nsp3, can be a promising viral inhibitor in medication (Shanker et al, 2020). Two of the drugs that are prescribed for treatment are lopinavir and ritonavir.…”