Whole grain consumption is inversely associated with BMI <i>Z</i>-score in rural school-aged children

Choumenkovitch, Silvina F.; McKeown, Nicola M.; Tovar, Alison; Hyatt, Raymond R.; Kraak, Vivica; Hastings, Alia; Herzog, Julia Bloom; Economos, Christina D.

doi:10.1017/s1368980012003527

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This research helped to determine that schools would be the most effective setting, and thus the primary focus, to leverage change (in addition to smaller, secondary, initiatives throughout the school district). Additional study details have been previously published (24,25). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The CHANGE Study: A Healthy-Lifestyles Intervention to Improve Rural Children's Diet Quality

Cohen¹,

Kraak²,

Choumenkovitch³

et al. 2014

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

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Background Despite the high rates of overweight and obesity among rural children, there have been limited interventions reported to improve the diet quality of rural, low-income children in the United States. Objective To evaluate student’s diet quality at baseline and after implementing the CHANGE (Creating Healthy, Active and Nurturing Growing-up Environments) study, a two-year (2007-2009) randomized, controlled, community- and school-based intervention to prevent unhealthy weight gain among rural school-aged children. Design School and community-based group randomized controlled design. Participants/setting Data were collected in eight rural communities in California, Kentucky, Mississippi, and South Carolina (one elementary school per community). Children in grades 1-6 participated in the study (n= 432; mean age = 8.65 years ± 1.6 years). Students’ diets were assessed at baseline (spring or early fall 2008) and post-intervention (spring 2009) using the Block Food Screener for ages 2–17 years. Statistical Analyses Mixed-model analysis of variance was used to examine the effect of the CHANGE study intervention on students’ diets. Results were adjusted for corresponding baseline dietary values, sex, age, grade, race/ethnicity, and state, with school included as a random effect nested within condition. Results At the end of one year, students enrolled in the CHANGE study intervention schools consumed significantly more vegetables (0.08cups/1000 kcal per day; p=0.03) and combined fruits and vegetables (0.22 cups/1000 kcal per day; P<0.05) compared to students in control schools. Students in the intervention schools also showed a reduction in the average daily dietary glycemic index (GI= −1.22; P<0.05) and a trend toward more fruit consumption (0.15cups/1000 kcal per day; P =0.07). There were no significant differences in students’ consumption of whole grains, legumes, dairy, potatoes/potato products, saturated fat, added sugars, or dietary fiber consumption. Conclusions The CHANGE study enhanced some aspects of rural students’ dietary intake. Implementing similar interventions in rural America may be promising to support vegetable consumption.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Block Food Screener has been used previously in several studies with children who need assistance with recalls (29-31). Additional information about the Block Food Screener’s consumption calculations has also been published previously (25). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The CHANGE Study: A Healthy-Lifestyles Intervention to Improve Rural Children's Diet Quality

Cohen¹,

Kraak²,

Choumenkovitch³

et al. 2014

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

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show abstract

“…There are no standard exclusion criteria for over- or under-reporting of food intake estimated by food screeners. For the purpose of this analysis and as previously reported [37], implausible over-reporting of food intake was defined as estimated total energy intake >20920 kJ/day (5000 kcal/day) and under-reporting of food intake as 2 or fewer food items being reported in the screener.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, diets high in fruits, vegetables and whole grain intake provide important nutrients and reduce the risk of overweight and diabetes [34–36]. Whole grain intake has been associated with lower body mass index z-scores (BMI-z) and lower risk of overweight in children and young adults [37, 38]. The protective health benefits of fruits, vegetables and whole grains can be attributed to the presence of important nutrients, vitamins, antioxidants, and dietary fiber [39, 40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low demanding parental feeding style is associated with low consumption of whole grains among children of recent immigrants

et al. 2015

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We explored the influence of immigrant mothers feeding style on their children’s fruit, vegetable and whole grain intake and how this relationship differed by mother’s time in the U.S. Baseline data were collected on mother-child (3–12 yrs.) dyads enrolled in Live Well (n=313), a community-based, participatory, randomized controlled lifestyle intervention (2008–2013). Socio-demographics, years of residence in the U.S., behavioral data, and responses to the Caregiver’s Feeding Styles Questionnaire (CFSQ) were obtained from the mother. Measured heights and weights were obtained for both mother and child. Child dietary intake was assessed using the Block Food Screener. Separate multiple linear regression models were run, adjusting for child and mother covariates. Interactions between feeding styles and years in the U.S. (<5 and ≥5 years), ethnicity, and child age were tested. Sixty-nine percent of mothers were overweight or obese, 46% of the children were overweight or obese. For mothers in the U.S. for <5 years, having a low demanding/high responsive style was associated with lower child intake of whole grains in adjusted models vs. a high demanding/high responsive style (p<0.05). This was not seen for mothers in the U.S. for ≥5 years. Thus, the influence of feeding style on dietary intake may change with length of time in the U.S. These hypotheses-generating findings call for future research to understand how broader socio-cultural factors influence the feeding dynamic among immigrants.

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“…22,23 Despite the health benefits mentioned above, studies on whole grain consumption trends indicated a low level of less than one serving per day per person, which is well below the recommended level of three servings per day. 32,33 Whole grain and also cereal fiber intake have been suggested to show correlations with the levels of the plasma alkylresorcinol and its urinary metabolites, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanoic acid. 25,26 Ratings for whole grain pasta when compared with their refined grain options regarding their relative pleasantness were equal, although there were also some inferior ratings.…”

Section: Whole Grain Foods and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole Wheat Pasta and Health

Hirawan

Beta

2014

Wheat and Rice in Disease Prevention and Health

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Whole grain consumption is inversely associated with BMI Z-score in rural school-aged children

Cited by 41 publications

References 43 publications

The CHANGE Study: A Healthy-Lifestyles Intervention to Improve Rural Children's Diet Quality

The CHANGE Study: A Healthy-Lifestyles Intervention to Improve Rural Children's Diet Quality

Low demanding parental feeding style is associated with low consumption of whole grains among children of recent immigrants

Whole Wheat Pasta and Health

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