“…These techniques allow an extracellular matrix free of cells to be obtained; this matrix can subsequently be repopulated with cells from the potential recipient patient, thereby preventing an immunogenic rejection response, which is the main cause of transplant failure (Emma C . Successful transplants of less complex previously decellularized organs, such as the bladder (Atala et al, 2006) and trachea (Macchiarini et al, 2008), have already been performed, and decellularization and transplantation of more complex organs, such as the heart, liver (Ko et al, 2015) and lung (Khalpey et al, 2015), have been the subject of multiple investigations (Aubin et al, 2015;Hilfiker et al, 2014). A rat kidney has already been decellularized and repopulated with stem cells from the same subject and then successfully transplanted (Song et al, 2013).…”