Whole-tree dynamics of non-structural carbohydrate and nitrogen pools across different seasons and in response to girdling in two temperate trees

Mei, Li; Xiong, Yanmei; Gu, Jiacun; Wang, Zhengquan; Guo, Dali

doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3186-1

Cited by 63 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…It is noteworthy that girdling may causes serious and permanent damage to the girdled plants (BOND;MIDGLEY, 2003;MEI et al, 2015), as noted in this study (Figure 2 C and D). .0 ¹ t test carried out at 5% probability among all treatments; ² t test carried out at 5% probability of among coppicing and girdling treatments; ³ Statistical test was not carried out due to the small frame of replications.…”

Section: Epicormic Shoots Inductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Similarly, the stress generated by the girdling technique may invert the translocation direction, transforming the drains in sources and influencing the conduction of photo assimilates to the region below the cut (MEI et al, 2015). It is noteworthy that girdling may causes serious and permanent damage to the girdled plants (BOND;MIDGLEY, 2003;MEI et al, 2015), as noted in this study (Figure 2 C and D).…”

Section: Epicormic Shoots Inductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

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EPICORMIC SHOOTS INDUCTION AND ROOTING CUTTINGS OF Calophyllum brasiliense

Kratz

Wendling

Stuepp

et al. 2016

CERNE

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ABSTRAT:Calophyllum brasiliense is present in a wide natural distribution range in Brazil and its monopodial growth, with a rectilinear stem and a moderately dense timber has attracted the attention from the logging industry in recent decades. In the meantime, the lack of efficient rescue and vegetative propagation methods of adult plants has been a narrowing condition for the selection of superior genotypes in breeding programs of the species. Therefore, we evaluate epicormic shoots induction methods and the rooting cuttings of 14 year-old Calophyllum brasiliense trees. From this scope, three methods of epicormic shoots induction were evaluated: coppicing, girdling and partial girdling. We evaluate the number of produced sprouts and the percentage of sprouted trees at 06, 12 and 15 months' after the experiment installation. Results have indicated the feasibility of Calophyllum brasiliense vegetative rescue by cuttings method using epicormic shoots induced by coppicing and girdling. In contrast, partial girdling was not effective in epicormic shoots emission. Concerning adventitious roots, the sprouting technique had no influence in the rooting of cuttings, showing variation among the different stock plants. INDUÇÃO DE BROTAÇÕES EPICÓRMICAS E ESTAQUIA DE Calophyllum brasiliense RESUMO:Calophyllum brasiliense apresenta ampla distribuição natural no Brasil e seu crescimento monopodial, fuste retilíneo e madeira moderadamente densa tem atraído o interesse da indústria madeireira nas últimas décadas. Entretanto, a carência em métodos eficientes de resgate e propagação vegetativa de material adulto tem sido um fator limitante na seleção de genótipos superiores em programas de melhoramento da espécie. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar métodos de indução de brotações epicórmicas e o enraizamento de estacas em árvores de Calophyllum brasiliense com 14 anos de idade. Para tanto, três métodos de indução de brotações epicórmicas foram implantados: decepa, anelamento e semianelamento. Avaliou-se o número de brotos produzidos e a porcentagem de matrizes brotadas aos 6, 12 e 15 meses após a instalação do experimento. Com as brotações resultantes, foram instalados três experimentos de estaquia, comparando o enraizamento adventício entre as diferentes matrizes e métodos de indução de brotações epicórmicas. Os resultados demonstraram a viabilidade do resgate vegetativo de Calophyllum brasiliense por estaquia utilizando brotações epicórmicas induzidas por decepa e anelamento do tronco. Em contrapartida, o semianelamento não foi eficiente na indução de brotações epicórmicas. Em relação ao enraizamento adventício, a técnica de indução não influenciou o enraizamento de estacas, apresentando variação entre as diferentes matrizes.

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Section: Epicormic Shoots Inductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Epicormic Shoots Inductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

EPICORMIC SHOOTS INDUCTION AND ROOTING CUTTINGS OF Calophyllum brasiliense

Kratz

Wendling

Stuepp

et al. 2016

CERNE

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“…Barbosa and Wagner (1989) stated that the severity of the effects depended greatly on when the girdling was performed during the growth period, on the localized hormones synthesis and transport, as well as the weather conditions or the genetic predisposition of the species. Recent studies reported that the induced stress caused by girdling stopped the growth of already formed cells, proving the depletion of the soluble non-structural carbohydrates from the living cells below the girdling (Dunn and Lorio 1992;Mei et al 2015). Nevertheless, Wilson (1968) found enough carbohydrates left for cell differentiation and lignification in the already formed cells in white pine (Pinus strobus L.).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This cambial reactivation occurred during the second half of August after a drought event in both examined years (2013 and 2014). Apparently, root carbon may be mobilized for growth even several weeks after the girdling (Mei et al 2015). However, the cell differentiation below the girdling, was unquestionably carried out with a significantly lower intensity, obviously due to the reduced supply of assimilates and plant hormones (auxin and giberilin), which strongly define the cell formation and the cell wall lignification process (Tokunaga et al 2006;Sorce et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of stem girdling on xylem and phloem formation in Scots pine

Fajstavr¹,

Giagli²,

Vavrčík³

et al. 2017

Silva Fenn.

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Highlights• Stem girdling ceased the cambial activity, below the girdled area, immediately after the removal of the bark strip.• Pinus sylvestris survived for up to two years after stem girdling.• The girdled trees formed phloem cells above the girdled area but failed to form latewood cells in the next growing season. AbstractScots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is a resilient, wide spread species. This paper reports on the xylem and phloem cell formation process, before and after, the species was put under artificial stress by stem girdling. Microcore method was applied to a healthy control group and a standing group of girdled trees within an 80-year-old pine forest for two consecutive growing seasons (2013 and 2014). The stem girdling was applied in the middle of the first growing season (July 2013). Cambial activity timings (onset and cessation of cell division), cell formation intensity, cell differentiation, and the dynamics of the annual radial increment in the stem were analyzed. Cambial activity was inhibited and eventually ceased below the stem girdling immediately after the removal of the strip. Therefore, no latewood tracheids were formed. However, above the stem girdling and in the control trees, cell formation and tissue differentiation continued until the end of the growing season, with the girdled trees moving at a less intensive pace but for a longer period of time. During the following growing season (2014), the cambial zone was reactivated only above the stem girdling, not below, and eventually the girdled trees died. In 2014, the onset of the cambial activity was delayed and the division rate of the cells was slower in the girdled trees. Furthermore, the girdled trees formed less phloem cells than the control trees.

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“…There may also be differences in the amounts of carbon used from different storage organs e.g. NSC in shoots vs. roots (Mei et al 2015). 2) The functional structure of the tree must be maintained during a long period (Mäkelä and Valentine 2006).…”

Section: Future Improvements and Possibilities Of Cassiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling intra- and inter-annual growth dynamics of Scots pine in the whole-tree carbon balance framework

Schiestl-Aalto¹

2017

Diss. For.

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3 Schiestl-Aalto, P. (2017) Modelling intra-and inter-annual growth dynamics of Scots pine in the wholetree carbon framework. Dissertationes Forestales 234. 44 p. https://doi.org/10.14214/df.234Environmental factors have a dual effect on growth as they affect both the momentary growth rate (direct effect) and the rate of ontogenetic development (indirect effect). Photosynthesis on the other hand is the source of carbon that is needed for growth, respiration and other purposes. There are two opposite theories about the factor determining growth rate: 1) the availability of carbon for growth (source limitation) and 2) limitation that environmental factors cause on tissue ability to grow (sink limitation). Understanding the responses of the growth of tree organs (wood, needles, roots) to environmental and other factors is important to be able to understand the changes in tree growth and carbon balance in changing climatic conditions.The purpose of this study was to define the effects of temperature on Scots pine growth at different temporal scales and to estimate the relative importances of the source and sink effects on growth. For that, a dynamic growth model CASSIA (Carbon Allocation Sink Source InterAction) was constructed.CASSIA was able to predict daily primary and secondary wood and needle growth rate variation with indirect and direct effects of temperature. In addition, the temperature of warm previous late summer was observed to lead to enhanced length of the growth period (in temperature accumulation units) of shoots in the following year. Growth onset during spring was observed to be a continuous process determined by temperature accumulation, instead of momentary temperatures.Short-term growth variations in normal conditions were concluded to be sink limited because CASSIA was able to predict the within year growth with temperature and without direct effect of photosynthesis or stored carbon. On the other hand carbon source effect (gross primary production) was needed to produce the between year variation in growth. According to the results of this study, growth is limited by a complex combination of sink and source effects. Furthermore, environmental factors affect growth at different time scales varying from instantaneous effects to delayed effects from previous year(s). More research is needed to identify the factors determining the carbon flows to different processes.

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Whole-tree dynamics of non-structural carbohydrate and nitrogen pools across different seasons and in response to girdling in two temperate trees

Cited by 63 publications

References 46 publications

EPICORMIC SHOOTS INDUCTION AND ROOTING CUTTINGS OF Calophyllum brasiliense

EPICORMIC SHOOTS INDUCTION AND ROOTING CUTTINGS OF Calophyllum brasiliense

The effect of stem girdling on xylem and phloem formation in Scots pine

Modelling intra- and inter-annual growth dynamics of Scots pine in the whole-tree carbon balance framework

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