WHONET Software for the Surveillance of Antimicrobial Susceptibility

Anil, Agarwal; Kapila, K; Kumar, Sushil

doi:10.1016/s0377-1237(09)80020-8

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Data from 241 cases were entered into Excel 2007 (Microsoft Office, 2017) and then transferred into WHONET 5.6 ( 27 ). A total of 701 isolates were obtained from various clinical samples of ruminants (cattle, goats and sheep) and non-ruminants (pigs and chicken) over the 3-year study period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Levels of Antibiotic Resistance in Isolates From Diseased Livestock

et al. 2021

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Overuse of antimicrobials in livestock health and production beyond therapeutic needs has been highlighted in recent years as one of the major risk factors for the acceleration of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of bacteria in both humans and animals. While there is an abundance of reports on AMR in clinical isolates from humans, information regarding the patterns of resistance in clinical isolates from animals is scarce. Hence, a situational analysis of AMR based on clinical isolates from a veterinary diagnostic laboratory was performed to examine the extent and patterns of resistance demonstrated by isolates from diseased food animals. Between 2015 and 2017, 241 cases of diseased livestock were received. Clinical specimens from ruminants (cattle, goats and sheep), and non-ruminants (pigs and chicken) were received for culture and sensitivity testing. A total of 701 isolates were recovered from these specimens. From ruminants, Escherichia coli (n = 77, 19.3%) predominated, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (n = 73, 18.3%). Antibiotic sensitivity testing (AST) revealed that E. coli resistance was highest for penicillin, streptomycin, and neomycin (77–93%). In addition, S. aureus was highly resistant to neomycin, followed by streptomycin and ampicillin (68–82%). More than 67% of E. coli isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR) and only 2.6% were susceptible to all the tested antibiotics. Similarly, 65.6% of S. aureus isolates were MDR and only 5.5% were susceptible to all tested antibiotics. From non-ruminants, a total of 301 isolates were recovered. Escherichia coli (n = 108, 35.9%) and Staphylococcus spp. (n = 27, 9%) were the most frequent isolates obtained. For E. coli, the highest resistance was against amoxicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and neomycin (95–100%). Staphylococcus spp. had a high level of resistance to streptomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and gentamicin (80–100%). The MDR levels of E. coli and Staphylococcus spp. isolates from non-ruminants were 72.2 and 74.1%, respectively. Significantly higher resistance level were observed among isolates from non-ruminants compared to ruminants for tetracycline, amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Levels of Antibiotic Resistance in Isolates From Diseased Livestock

et al. 2021

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“…The carbapenem resistance data for K. pneumoniae isolated between 2006 and the third quarter of 2016 were obtained using WHONET software, a computerized microbiology laboratory data management and analysis program that, among other things, informs drug-policy decisions and preventive measures (Agarwal et al, 2009 ). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the K-B agar diffusion method.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Restriction Protein, KlcAHS, Promotes Dissemination of Carbapenem Resistance

Liang

Xie

Xiong

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC) has emerged and spread throughout the world. A retrospective analysis was performed on carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolated at our teaching hospital during the period 2009–2010, when the initial outbreak occurred. To determine the mechanism(s) that underlies the increased infectivity exhibited by KPC, Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) was conducted. A series of plasmids was also extracted, sequenced and analyzed. Concurrently, the complete sequences of blaKPC−2-harboring plasmids deposited in GenBank were summarized and aligned. The blaKPC−2 and KlcAHS genes in the carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates were examined. E. coli strains, carrying different Type I Restriction and Modification (RM) systems, were selected to study the interaction between RM systems, anti-RM systems and horizontal gene transfer (HGT). The ST11 clone predominated among 102 carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates, all harbored the blaKPC−2 gene; 98% contained the KlcAHS gene. KlcAHS was one of the core genes in the backbone region of most blaKPC−2 carrying plasmids. Type I RM systems in the host bacteria reduced the rate of pHS10842 plasmid transformation by 30- to 40-fold. Presence of the anti-restriction protein, KlcAHS, on the other hand, increased transformation efficiency by 3- to 6-fold. These results indicate that RM systems can significantly restrict HGT. In contrast, KlcAHS can disrupt the RM systems and promote HGT by transformation. These findings suggest that the anti-restriction protein, KlcAHS, represents a novel mechanism that facilitates the increased transfer of blaKPC-2 and KlcAHS-carrying plasmids among K. pneumoniae strains.

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“…The obtained sensitivity profile statistics were analysed using WHONET 5.6 software. 5 The results were expressed as percentage analysis. The data was also analysed statistically using SPSS statistics version 19.0 (Chicago, IL, USA) and values of P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern in Samples Received From Patients Attending Tertiary Care Hospital in Mumbai

Jangla¹,

Naidu²

2018

jemds

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BACKGROUND Bacterial infections are important cause of morbidity and mortality among patients and antimicrobial resistance is a significant growing global threat. In this era of multidrug resistance, it is mandatory to know the bacteriological profile and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of one's own institute. Hence, the following study was conducted to document the common bacteria isolated from various clinical specimens from patients of our institute and describe their antibiotic susceptibility. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology from January 2016 to December 2016 in our institute. The study included 12,429 clinical samples comprising urine, blood, sputum, stool, pus, wound swabs, catheter tips, nasal swabs, throat swabs, vaginal swabs, sterile body fluids and tissue which were processed for culture, identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing as per standard recommended procedures. RESULTSSamples received were urine 55%, blood 21%, sputum 12%, wound swabs 3%, pus 2.5%, stool 2%, catheter tips 1%, body fluids 1% followed by others. Sample received from males and females were 47% and 53%, respectively. Samples received from 13 -65 years' age group, geriatric age group, paediatric age group and neonates were 69.4%, 24%, 6% and 0.6% respectively. Samples received from Outpatient Department (OPD), Inpatient Department (IPD) and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) were 54%, 43% and 3% respectively. 3,014 different bacterial pathogens were isolated. The prevalence of Gram negative bacilli was 90% and that of Gram positive bacilli was 10%. Out of all isolates 60% were from OPD samples, 37% from IPD samples and 3% from ICU samples. Among the pathogens isolated, Escherichia coli was 40% followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 27%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 13.4% and Staphylococcus aureus 8% followed by others. Most of the Gram-negative isolates were sensitive to carbapenems, aminoglycosides and beta lactam -beta lactamase inhibitor combinations. Approximately, half of them were sensitive to third and fourth generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. Most of the Gram-positive isolates were sensitive to tetracycline, clindamycin, nitrofurantoin, glycopeptides and vancomycin, but resistant to erythromycin, trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole and fluoroquinolones. CONCLUSIONIn general, most of our Gram-negative isolates showed good sensitivity to carbapenems, aminoglycosides and beta lactam -beta lactamase inhibitor combinations. Sensitivity to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones prevailed amongst half of them. High resistance to fluoroquinolones was seen among Gram positive isolates also. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) prevalence was not very high. Such type of surveillance done regularly can help in optimising antibiotic use and thus help to curb antimicrobial resistance.

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WHONET Software for the Surveillance of Antimicrobial Susceptibility

Cited by 33 publications

References 2 publications

High Levels of Antibiotic Resistance in Isolates From Diseased Livestock

High Levels of Antibiotic Resistance in Isolates From Diseased Livestock

Anti-Restriction Protein, KlcAHS, Promotes Dissemination of Carbapenem Resistance

Study of Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern in Samples Received From Patients Attending Tertiary Care Hospital in Mumbai

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