Why are Children in the Same Family So Different? Nonshared Environment a Decade Later

Plomin, Robert; Asbury, Kathleen; Dunn, Judy

doi:10.1177/070674370104600302

Cited by 268 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The adolescents with siblings are also part of the study which may have biased the findings. However, adolescents from the same family may disclose similar genetics and background, but their reactions and responses to a stressful event may differ (Plomin et al, 2001). Therefore, no limits were made in the inclusion of number of children per family.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of Life of Multiethnic Adolescents Living with a Parent with Cancer

Ainuddin¹,

Loh²,

Low³

et al. 2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of Life of Multiethnic Adolescents Living with a Parent with Cancer

Ainuddin¹,

Loh²,

Low³

et al. 2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…5 for dizygotic twins, and if it is entirely environmental similar correlations would be expected in dizygotic twins and monozygotic twins. Using this assumption, together with a number of others (including equally similar environments for monozygotic and dizygotic twins), twin correlations can be used to estimate the proportion of the variance in a trait that is attributable to genetic v. environmental influences, and to further separate shared environmental influences (common to each twin and making children growing up in the same family more similar) and non-shared environmental influences (unique to each twin and making children growing up in the same family different) (93) . Genetic influence on child appetite.…”

Section: Genetic Influences On Appetitive Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appetitive traits and child obesity: measurement, origins and implications for intervention

Carnell

Wardle

2008

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Childhood obesity has multiple causes, most of them capable of explaining only one part of the problem. The population-wide impact of sedentary lifestyles and availability of energy-dense food is undeniable, but substantial individual differences in body weight persist, suggesting that individuals respond differently to the 'obesogenic' environment. One plausible mechanism for this variation is the early expression of appetitive traits, including low responsiveness to internal satiety signals, high responsiveness to external food cues, high subjective reward experienced when eating liked foods and preferences for energy-dense foods. Case-control studies support the existence of abnormalities in these traits among obese children compared with normal-weight children, and correlations between psychometric measures of child appetite and child weight suggest that appetitive trait profiles may not only promote obesity but also protect against it. The origins of appetitive traits are as yet uncharted, but will include both genetic and environmental influences. Parental feeding style may affect the development of appetite but the exact nature of the relevant behaviours is unclear and many studies are crosssectional or begin late in childhood, obscuring causal relationships. Future research should explore determinants and biological mechanisms by using prospective designs beginning early in life, measuring relevant biomarkers such as gut hormones and incorporating neuroimaging and genotyping technologies. Potential clinical applications include the identification of 'at risk' children early in life and interventions to modify appetitive traits or ameliorate their impact on intake and weight. Intake regulation: Energy compensation: External eating: Satiety sensitivityObesity is increasingly a cross-generational problem, with recent data revealing that 17% of US children and adolescents exceed the 95th percentile for BMI (1) , and rates in other developed countries are fast catching up (2) . Understanding the multiple causes of childhood obesity is essential to develop targeted and effective treatment and prevention. The influence on the whole population of environmental factors such as sedentary lifestyles and constant availability of cheap energy-dense food is undoubtedly powerful (3,4) , but one remarkable feature of the epidemic is the persistence of enormous individual variation in body weight throughout the population. Individual differences may even be increasing in both children and adults, with the lean staying lean while the fat get fatter (5)(6)(7) , which indicates that individuals interact differently with the pervasively 'obesogenic' environment. Given that common obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, it is highly likely that this interaction occurs partly through individual variation in appetite and eating behaviours, and given that Abbreviations: CEBQ, child eating-behaviour questionnaire.

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“…Replication and extension of these within-family findings is clearly needed to clarify the interpretation of the between-family differences of mother-child interaction in ASD and TD families (Plomin et al, 2001). A deeper understanding of the effect of ASD on motherchild interactions is necessary for the development of more supportive family-based autism interventions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the impact of autism on mother–child interactions within families with a child with autism spectrum disorder?

2011

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Lay AbstractIn this study, we investigated whether having a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has an impact on the way mothers interact with their other child(ren) without ASD. Mothers were observed during a play and a task interaction separately with their child with ASD (between 4 and 7 years old) and with a younger sibling without ASD (between 2.5 and 5.5 years old) . We wanted to find out if mothers were different in how they interacted with their child with ASD compared to their non-ASD child. We also compared the social behaviour of the two children. Mothers seemed to respond more often to the initiatives of their non-ASD child, but they interacted equally much with both their children. The children with ASD demanded more (help or objects) from their mothers, but there were no other differences between the children. After discussing possible explanations for our findings, we conclude that family-based therapy may benefit from a better understanding of the way mothers and children interact in families with a child with ASD. 3 Scientific AbstractThis within-family study investigated whether mothers differentiate between children in their interactive behaviour. Mothers were observed during a play and a task interaction separately with their child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (between 46 -84 months old, M= 68) and with a younger sibling (between 29 -67, M= 48). Additionally, the social behaviour of the children with ASD and their Non-ASD siblings was compared. Results show that mothers differentiated in their responsiveness but not in their initiatives towards the children. Children with ASD and their Non-ASD siblings were equally responsive but children with ASD were more imperative toward their caregiver. Several interpretations of these findings are discussed. Finally, it is concluded that family-based interventions will benefit from a better understanding of the effect of ASD on mother-child interactions within families with a child with ASD. Therefore, between-family studies should be complemented with within-family studies.

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Why are Children in the Same Family So Different? Nonshared Environment a Decade Later

Cited by 268 publications

References 56 publications

Quality of Life of Multiethnic Adolescents Living with a Parent with Cancer

Quality of Life of Multiethnic Adolescents Living with a Parent with Cancer

Appetitive traits and child obesity: measurement, origins and implications for intervention

What is the impact of autism on mother–child interactions within families with a child with autism spectrum disorder?

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