Why are dietary nucleotides essential nutrients?

Grimble, G.

doi:10.1079/bjn19960056

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The increase in villus height and villus/crypt ratio indicates an improvement in the digestion and absorption of nutrients [31, 32]. Enterocytes have limited capacity for de novo nucleotides synthesis [33, 34] and thus the increased pool of dietary nucleotides by yeast extract supplementation promoted intestinal tissue growth and development. In addition, pathogens with mannose-specific type-1 fimbriae, such as E. coli and Salmonella , bind with the α-mannans instead of attaching to intestinal epithelial cells, which may reduce inflammation that leads to intestinal villi atrophy [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term effect of supplemental yeast extract without or with feed enzymes on growth performance, immune status and gut structure of weaned pigs challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide

Waititu

Yin

Patterson

et al. 2016

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThis study investigated the response of piglets receiving a yeast extract without or with a multi-enzyme mixture compared with an antimicrobial growth promoter (AGP) on performance, immune status and gut structure after an E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Thirty-six pigs were allotted to six treatments including: a non-challenged control (NCC); LPS-challenged control (CC); CC + AGP; CC + yeast extract; CC + enzymes; and CC + enzymes + yeast extract. On d 7, pigs were bled and thereafter injected with LPS or sterile saline. Blood samples were collected at 6, 48, and 96 h post-challenge. After 96 h post-challenge, pigs were euthanized to obtain duodenal, jejunal and ileal samples.ResultsOverall (d 1 to 11), compared with CC pigs, AGP attenuated the LPS-induced reduction in ADG (P = 0.004), ADFI (P = 0.03) and gain/feed ratio (P = 0.01). At 6 h post-challenge, AGP pigs had lower plasma urea N (PUN; P = 0.02) and serum TNF- α concentration (P = 0.07), and higher platelet count (P = 0.04) and serum IL-10 concentration (P = 0.02) than CC pigs. At 48 h post-challenge, AGP pigs had lower PUN (P = 0.02) than CC pigs, whereas enzymes + yeast extract interacted non-additively (P = 0.001) to reduce PUN. At 96 h post-challenge, AGP pigs had lower PUN (P = 0.02) and higher duodenal (P = 0.03), jejunal (P = 0.01) and ileal (P = 0.07) villus height than CC pigs. In addition, enzymes + yeast extract interacted additively and non-additively to reduce ileal IFN-γ (P < 0.0001) and IL-10 (P = 0.012) expression, respectively. Generally, no differences (P > 0.10) were observed between AGP and enzymes + yeast extract pigs on other measured parameters except for the downregulation of ileal IFN-γ (P < 0.0001) and TNF-α (P = 0.003) in enzymes + yeast extract pigs at 96 h post-challenge.ConclusionsThe LPS challenged piglets receiving enzymes + yeast extract showed beneficial responses in gut structure and immunity commensurate with those receiving antibiotics, though the latter had better overall growth performance.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term effect of supplemental yeast extract without or with feed enzymes on growth performance, immune status and gut structure of weaned pigs challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide

Waititu

Yin

Patterson

et al. 2016

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They are the building blocks of tissue RNA and DNA and of ATP, and their presence in breast milk has stimulated research in babies which has indicated that supplementation of infant formula milk leads to improved growth and reduced susceptibility to infection (Grimble, 1996;Grimble and Westwood, 2001;GutierrezCastrellon et al, 2007). Nucleotide fortification of breast milk substitutes has been recommended to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for approval (Aggett et al, 2003).…”

Section: Nucleotidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Criteria for Safe Use of Plant Ingredients in Diets for Aquacultured Fish

Hemre

Amlund

Aursand

et al. 2018

EJNFS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Research on the use of nucleotides in fish is limited as compared to mammals, where nucleotidesupplemented diets have generally shown enhanced resistance to viral and bacterial infections (Burrells et al, 2001;Grimble and Westwood, 2000). It has been proposed that nucleotides are conditionally or semi-essential nutrients (Grimble, 1996); however, there is very limited evidence to support this view. The above suggestion is based on observations that provision of physiologically required levels of nucleotides in certain tissues (e.g., lymphoid) is limited due to an inadequate supply of energy for de novo synthesis, interactions of endocrine and immune systems, and modulation of gene expression patterns.…”

Section: Immunostimulantsmentioning

confidence: 97%