Why are diversity and endemism Linked on islands?

Witt, Christopher C.; Maliakal-Witt, Satya

doi:10.1111/j.0906-7590.2007.04837.x

Cited by 30 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Witt and Maliakal‐Witt (2007) contend that the observed distributions of single island endemics are a predictable outcome of stochastic immigration and extinction processes, and as such are compatible with a simple null model of island community assembly. They demonstrate three alternative causes for the link between levels of endemism and species diversity on islands: a finite colonist pool, interspecific variation in colonization abilities, and inter‐island variation in extinction rate that exceeds variation in immigration rate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 67%

Response to comments on Species diversity can drive speciation

Emerson¹,

Kolm²

2007

Ecography

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mentioning

confidence: 67%

Response to comments on Species diversity can drive speciation

Emerson¹,

Kolm²

2007

Ecography

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“…4), a curvilinear relationship between richness and endemicity was also found for the birds of Africa (Jetz et al 2004), indicating that more endemic species can be expected in species rich assemblages (Witt and Maliakal-Witt 2007). 4), a curvilinear relationship between richness and endemicity was also found for the birds of Africa (Jetz et al 2004), indicating that more endemic species can be expected in species rich assemblages (Witt and Maliakal-Witt 2007).…”

Section: Weighted Endemism Pattern and Centres Of Endemicitymentioning

confidence: 96%

Botanical richness and endemicity patterns of Borneo derived from species distribution models

Raes¹,

Roos²,

Slik³

et al. 2009

Ecography

164

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This study provides a Borneo-wide, quantitative assessment of botanical richness and endemicity at a high spatial resolution, and based on actual collection data. To overcome the bias in collection effort, and to be able to predict the presence and absence of species, even for areas where no collections have been made, we constructed species distribution models (SDMs) for all species taxonomically revised in Flora Malesiana. Species richness and endemicity maps were based on 1439 significant SDMs. Mapping of the residuals of the richness-endemicity relationship identified areas with higher levels of endemicity than can be expected on the basis of species richness, the endemicity hotspots. We were able to identify one previously unknown region of high diversity, the high mountain peaks of East Kalimantan; and two additional endemicity hotspots, the Müller Mountains and the Sangkulirang peninsula. The areas of high diversity and endemicity were characterized by a relatively small range in annual temperature, but with seasonality in temperatures within that range. Furthermore, these areas were least affected by El Niño Southern Oscillation drought events. The endemicity hotspots were found in areas, which were ecologically distinct in altitude, edaphic conditions, annual precipitation, or a combination of these factors. These results can be used to guide conservation efforts of the highly threatened forests of Borneo.

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“…Although there are undeniable advantages in utilizing such broad surrogates when resources for research and knowledge of taxa are deficient (Williams et al 2006) the use of species subsets to direct conservation is still under debate. There are problems linked to using broad indicators for conservation assessments: 1) several studies have demonstrated that conservation strategies based only on surrogate species may be inadequate to direct initiatives to preserve species diversity (Bonn et al 2002); conversely, overall richness analysis often tends to highlight common species and dilute the importance of rarer elements (Nicholson et al 2005) and the correlation between island richness and endemism is still under debate (Witt andMaliakal-Witt 2007, Whittaker et al 2007).…”

Section: Implications For Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation biogeography of large Mediterranean islands. Butterfly impoverishment, conservation priorities and inferences for an ecologica “island paradigm”

Dapporto¹,

Dennis²

2009

Ecography

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Conservation biogeography is considered the Cinderella of biological conservation. Nevertheless biogeography provides the basis for establishing species distributions over space and time, therefore conservation priorities among areas and individual species. We demonstrate that there is no need to simplify analyses by using subsets of species (rare species, endemics) as surrogates. In doing so, we apply strict biogeographical techniques to determine butterfly impoverishment on three of the west Mediterranean's largest islands (Sardinia, Corsica and Sicily). The analyses performed on species, both collectively and individually, reveal that regional species richness in the Mediterranean zone can be largely predicted by latitude, altitude and latitudinal range (maximum minus minimum latitude), but that Sardinia and Corsica have clearly impoverished faunas. Logistic regression at individual species level demonstrates that several species, predicted to be present in these islands on the basis of their continental distributions, are actually absent. When compared with species that are present in these islands, such missing species are disclosed as having ecological traits which reduce their colonization capability. Probabilities of occurrence are calculated for each species on each island; they reflect the potential for each butterfly species to migrate to and colonise each island, and can be considered as a measure of conservation value. As such, species present on islands but having low immigration probabilities are predicted to represent isolated populations from the mainland that are unlikely to re-colonize the islands in the case of extinction. Island endemic species and races are shown to have lower occurrence probabilities compared to widespread species occurring on islands and illustrate the usefulness of occurrence probabilities for identifying isolated populations in need of conservation attention.

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Why are diversity and endemism Linked on islands?

Cited by 30 publications

References 17 publications

Response to comments on Species diversity can drive speciation

Response to comments on Species diversity can drive speciation

Botanical richness and endemicity patterns of Borneo derived from species distribution models

Conservation biogeography of large Mediterranean islands. Butterfly impoverishment, conservation priorities and inferences for an ecologica “island paradigm”

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