Why COVID-19 Transmission Is More Efficient and Aggressive Than Viral Transmission in Previous Coronavirus Epidemics?

Elrashdy, Fatma; Redwan, Elrashdy M.; Uversky, Vladimir N.

doi:10.3390/biom10091312

Cited by 48 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 320 publications

(392 reference statements)

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“…It is the first pandemic-causing HCoV with unique spike protein (S protein) features and host tropism patterns [1]. However, specific questions remain about why and how this CoV could cause a pandemic, unlike the six previous HCoVs [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structural basis of accelerated host cell entry by SARS‐CoV‐2†

et al. 2020

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic capacity is derived from the unique structural features on its spike protein: fast viral surfing over the epithelium with flat N‐terminal domain, tight binding to ACE2 entry receptor, and furin protease utilization. In addition, the possible involvement of other components such as lipid rafts, CLRs, and neuropilin is, in combination, mediating the accelerated cell entry and other critical steps in its overwhelming contagious capacity and pandemy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structural basis of accelerated host cell entry by SARS‐CoV‐2†

et al. 2020

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“…The ACE-2 protein is also reported to be expressed in fetal tissues at twelve weeks gestation to twenty-four weeks and remains steady until delivery. Based on this, there are biological possibilities that coronavirus can be transmitted to the fetus through maternal-fetal tissues [12] [14]. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology…”

Section: In Utero Transmission Of Coronavirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Transmission of Coronavirus in Obstetrics: A Myth or Truth?

Mahmoud¹,

Ussi²,

Okafor³

2021

OJOG

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In obstetrics, the maternal immune system plays a critical role in the establishment and maintenance of a healthy pregnancy. The immune response of the placenta plays important role in determining a maternal vulnerability toward infectious diseases. The various adverse outcome, ranging from preterm birth, injury to the fetal brain cortex and fetal death are all documented in infected neonates. In obstetrics, viral infections can be either transmitted through the in-utero, intrapartum, and postpartum periods. Nevertheless, with the recent pandemic of coronavirus and some documented cases of a positively infected neonate, it is becoming more apparent that the mode of transmission of coronavirus during pregnancy needs to be better understood. This review focuses on revealing the possible modes of transmission of the coronavirus in obstetrics.

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“…Notably, an increased ACE2 presentation on the surface epithelium, blood vessels (endothelial), and supporting tissues (basement membrane, fibroblasts) in nearly all organs augment the rapid spread of circulatory SARS-CoV-2 in the body [ 34 ]. In addition to ACE2, SARS-CoV-2 can interact with a number of cellular proteins, namely dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), CD147 (basigin), glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AGTR2), and alanyl amino peptidase (ANPEP) and utilize co-receptors, such as neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin 1 (DCSIGN1), cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5), heparin sulfate, and ganglioside GM1 [ 44 , 45 ]. NRP-1, a receptor for fur in-cleaved substrates, which is abundantly expressed in the respiratory tract, blood vessels, and neurons, has been shown to contribute to SARS-CoV-2 infectivity [ 46 ].…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Infection and Covid-19 Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Road Map to Understanding SARS-CoV-2 Clinico-Immunopathology and COVID-19 Disease Severity

et al. 2020

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SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus, was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The rapid spread of the virus worldwide prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020. COVID-19 discontinuing’s a global health crisis. Approximately 80% of the patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 display undetectable to mild inflammation confined in the upper respiratory tract. In remaining patients, the disease turns into a severe form affecting almost all major organs predominantly due to an imbalance of innate and adaptive arms of host immunity. The purpose of the present review is to narrate the virus’s invasion through the system and the host’s reaction. A thorough discussion on disease severity is also presented regarding the behavior of the host’s immune system, which gives rise to the cytokine storm particularly in elderly patients and those with comorbidities. A multifaceted yet concise description of molecular aspects of disease progression and its repercussion on biochemical and immunological features in infected patients is tabulated. The summary of pathological, clinical, immunological, and molecular accounts discussed in this review is of theranostic importance to clinicians for early diagnosis of COVID-19 and its management.

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Why COVID-19 Transmission Is More Efficient and Aggressive Than Viral Transmission in Previous Coronavirus Epidemics?

Cited by 48 publications

References 320 publications

The structural basis of accelerated host cell entry by SARS‐CoV‐2†

The structural basis of accelerated host cell entry by SARS‐CoV‐2†

Vertical Transmission of Coronavirus in Obstetrics: A Myth or Truth?

Road Map to Understanding SARS-CoV-2 Clinico-Immunopathology and COVID-19 Disease Severity

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